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DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
Created @February 15, 2025 2:54 PM
Class Cells to Systems
Linear Eukaryotic DNA
Linear DNA of eukaryotes are chromosomes
DNA molecule is long and coiled
Molecule wraps around Histones proteins
Proteins support DNA
Tightly wrapped DNA and protein= Compact chromosome
Prokaryotes
Carries DNA as chromosomes but structure is shorter and more circular
Fits into cell by supercoiling
Genes and DNA
Gene is a DNA base sequence
Amino acid sequence creates protein’s primary structure
Arrangements of genetic bases determines arrangement of amino acids
for different polypeptide chains
Amino acid’s made of three base sequence called ‘triplet’
DNA is copied into mRNA as first step in protein synthesis
DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis 1
, Eukaryotes in DNA Don’t Code for Polypeptides
Genes that don’t code for polypeptides code for functional RNA
Genes that code for polypeptides have sections not relevant to amino
acids
Irrelevant sections are known as introns
Parts of gene coding for amino acids are called exons
Introns are removed during protein synthesis
Some DNA areas are repeated throughout the process, also don’t code for
amino acids. Known as ‘non-coding repeats’
Genes Also Exist as Alleles
Genes can exist as alleles
Alleles contain different arrangement of bases resulting in coding for
varied versions of the same polypeptide
mRNA (Messenger)
Made during transcription process
Carries genetic info from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis during
translation stage
Individual polynucleotide strand
Groups of 3 bases are called codons or triplets
tRNA (Transfer)
DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis 2
DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
Created @February 15, 2025 2:54 PM
Class Cells to Systems
Linear Eukaryotic DNA
Linear DNA of eukaryotes are chromosomes
DNA molecule is long and coiled
Molecule wraps around Histones proteins
Proteins support DNA
Tightly wrapped DNA and protein= Compact chromosome
Prokaryotes
Carries DNA as chromosomes but structure is shorter and more circular
Fits into cell by supercoiling
Genes and DNA
Gene is a DNA base sequence
Amino acid sequence creates protein’s primary structure
Arrangements of genetic bases determines arrangement of amino acids
for different polypeptide chains
Amino acid’s made of three base sequence called ‘triplet’
DNA is copied into mRNA as first step in protein synthesis
DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis 1
, Eukaryotes in DNA Don’t Code for Polypeptides
Genes that don’t code for polypeptides code for functional RNA
Genes that code for polypeptides have sections not relevant to amino
acids
Irrelevant sections are known as introns
Parts of gene coding for amino acids are called exons
Introns are removed during protein synthesis
Some DNA areas are repeated throughout the process, also don’t code for
amino acids. Known as ‘non-coding repeats’
Genes Also Exist as Alleles
Genes can exist as alleles
Alleles contain different arrangement of bases resulting in coding for
varied versions of the same polypeptide
mRNA (Messenger)
Made during transcription process
Carries genetic info from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis during
translation stage
Individual polynucleotide strand
Groups of 3 bases are called codons or triplets
tRNA (Transfer)
DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis 2
