,Foreword from Absa
Absa is playing a shaping role in Africa’s growth and sustainability through a focused set of actions that bring commercial and
societal outcomes together, creating shared value. Absa implemented a range of programmes aimed at enabling access to
quality education to contribute towards an inclusive society. Absa in partnership with the Department of Education is a proud
funder and supporter of the Digital Learner Books and Teacher Guides for Business Studies Grades 10 to 12
Dr Reaan Immelman
Head: Education Delivery
Quality Assurance team for the Digital Business Studies Grades 10 to 12 Learner Books and Teacher Guides
Annacletta Fisane Ngubane, Busisiwe Zwane, Cherylleen Gordon, Enoch Rasmeni, Florence Baloyi-Jele, Fouzia Peters, Frank
Ofori, Habiel Adams, Handri van Rooi, Hester Steenkamp, Joyce Strydom, Leicester Momberg, Madeline Trollope, Maselo
Ditshego, Medupe Shadrack Mmui, Melanie Momberg, Mzikaise Masango, Nonhlanhla Gumbi, Petra Burger, Sybil Mdunge.
Project Management team for the Digital Business Studies Grades 10 to 12 Learner Books and Teacher Guides
Henry Kavuma – DBE Digitisation, Mimi Mini – DBE LTSM, Ntebo Mkhondo – DBE Administration
Jeanine Briggs – Absa Management, Julia Lhuillery-Moulder Project Coordination – Absa, Zainab Karriem Publishing – Absa
Grade 11 Learner Book
Book ISBN: 978-1-77633-223-6
First published in 2022
Published by: The Training Room Online and Imprint Publishing
Copyright in the text remains with the contributors.
Restrictions
You may not make copies of this book in part or in full – in printed or electronic or audio or video form – for a profit
seeking purpose.
Rights of other copyright holders
All reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that materials included are not already copyrighted to other entities, or in a
small number of cases, to seek permission from and acknowledge copyright holders. In some cases, this may not have been
possible. The publishers welcome the opportunity to redress this with any unacknowledged copyright holders.
,Contents
TERM 1
Topic 1 Influences on business environments 1
Unit 1.1 Revising the components of the micro, market and macro environments 2
Unit 1.2 Business’ control over the micro, market, and macro environments 4
Unit 1.3 Challenges of the business environments 8
Consolidation 10
Topic 2 The challenges of the business environments 12
Unit 2.1 Challenges in the micro environment 14
Unit 2.2 Challenges of the market environment 16
Unit 2.3 Challenges of the macro environment 19
Consolidation 22
Topic 3 Adapting to the challenges in the business
environments 24
Unit 3.1 Ways in which businesses can adapt to challenges of the
business environments 26
Unit 3.2 Ways in which businesses can have a direct influence on the environment 29
Unit 3.3 Lobbying, networking and power relationships 31
Consolidation 35
Topic 4 Contemporary socio-economic issues
and businesses 36
Unit 4.1 Impact of contemporary socio-economic issues on businesses operations,
and their challenges 38
Unit 4.2 The impact of piracy on business operations 45
Unit 4.3 Industrial relations 47
Consolidation 51
Topic 5 Business sectors 54
Unit 5.1 Recap the meaning of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors 55
Unit 5.2 Link/relationship between the primary, secondary and tertiary sector 56
Consolidation 62
Topic 6 Benefit of a company over other forms
of ownership 63
Unit 6.1 Forms of ownership 65
Unit 6.2 The differences between forms of ownership 76
Unit 6.3 The benefits of establishing a company versus other forms of ownership 78
Unit 6.4 The challenges of establishing a company versus other forms of ownership 79
, Unit 6.5 Understanding the Memorandum of Incorporation (MOI), notice of
incorporation, and prospectus 81
Consolidation 85
Topic 7 Avenues of acquiring businesses 86
Unit 7.1 Why entrepreneurs may decide to buy an existing business 87
Unit 7.2 The meaning, advantages, disadvantages and contractual implications
of franchising, outsourcing and leasing 89
Consolidation 95
Formal Assessment Task 1 96
TERM 2
Topic 8 Creative thinking and problem solving 102
Unit 8.1 Creative thinking to address business problems 103
Unit 8.2 Problem-solving techniques 106
Unit 8.3 Solutions to a business problem 110
Consolidation 112
Topic 9 Stress, crisis and change management 114
Unit 9.1 Stress 115
Unit 9.2 Crisis in the workplace 118
Unit 9.3 Change management 120
Consolidation 125
Topic 10 The marketing function 126
Unit 10.1 Marketing 128
Unit 10.2 The product development policy 131
Unit 10.3 The pricing policy 138
Unit 10.4 The distribution policy 142
Unit 10.5 The communication policy 148
Unit 10.6 Marketing in the informal sector 161
Unit 10.7 Electronic media 163
Unit 10.8 Foreign marketing 166
Consolidation 170
Topic 11 The production function 178
Unit 11.1 Understanding production systems 180
Unit 11.2 Defining production planning 184
Unit 11.3 Explaining safety management 188
Unit 11.4 Defining quality control 192
Unit 11.5 Evaluating production costs 194
Consolidation 200
Topic 12 Professionalism and ethics 201
Unit 12.1 Professionalism and ethics 202
Unit 12.2 Theories of ethics 205
Unit 12.3 Professional, responsible, ethical business practice 207
Consolidation 211
Formal Assessment Task 2 213
Absa is playing a shaping role in Africa’s growth and sustainability through a focused set of actions that bring commercial and
societal outcomes together, creating shared value. Absa implemented a range of programmes aimed at enabling access to
quality education to contribute towards an inclusive society. Absa in partnership with the Department of Education is a proud
funder and supporter of the Digital Learner Books and Teacher Guides for Business Studies Grades 10 to 12
Dr Reaan Immelman
Head: Education Delivery
Quality Assurance team for the Digital Business Studies Grades 10 to 12 Learner Books and Teacher Guides
Annacletta Fisane Ngubane, Busisiwe Zwane, Cherylleen Gordon, Enoch Rasmeni, Florence Baloyi-Jele, Fouzia Peters, Frank
Ofori, Habiel Adams, Handri van Rooi, Hester Steenkamp, Joyce Strydom, Leicester Momberg, Madeline Trollope, Maselo
Ditshego, Medupe Shadrack Mmui, Melanie Momberg, Mzikaise Masango, Nonhlanhla Gumbi, Petra Burger, Sybil Mdunge.
Project Management team for the Digital Business Studies Grades 10 to 12 Learner Books and Teacher Guides
Henry Kavuma – DBE Digitisation, Mimi Mini – DBE LTSM, Ntebo Mkhondo – DBE Administration
Jeanine Briggs – Absa Management, Julia Lhuillery-Moulder Project Coordination – Absa, Zainab Karriem Publishing – Absa
Grade 11 Learner Book
Book ISBN: 978-1-77633-223-6
First published in 2022
Published by: The Training Room Online and Imprint Publishing
Copyright in the text remains with the contributors.
Restrictions
You may not make copies of this book in part or in full – in printed or electronic or audio or video form – for a profit
seeking purpose.
Rights of other copyright holders
All reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that materials included are not already copyrighted to other entities, or in a
small number of cases, to seek permission from and acknowledge copyright holders. In some cases, this may not have been
possible. The publishers welcome the opportunity to redress this with any unacknowledged copyright holders.
,Contents
TERM 1
Topic 1 Influences on business environments 1
Unit 1.1 Revising the components of the micro, market and macro environments 2
Unit 1.2 Business’ control over the micro, market, and macro environments 4
Unit 1.3 Challenges of the business environments 8
Consolidation 10
Topic 2 The challenges of the business environments 12
Unit 2.1 Challenges in the micro environment 14
Unit 2.2 Challenges of the market environment 16
Unit 2.3 Challenges of the macro environment 19
Consolidation 22
Topic 3 Adapting to the challenges in the business
environments 24
Unit 3.1 Ways in which businesses can adapt to challenges of the
business environments 26
Unit 3.2 Ways in which businesses can have a direct influence on the environment 29
Unit 3.3 Lobbying, networking and power relationships 31
Consolidation 35
Topic 4 Contemporary socio-economic issues
and businesses 36
Unit 4.1 Impact of contemporary socio-economic issues on businesses operations,
and their challenges 38
Unit 4.2 The impact of piracy on business operations 45
Unit 4.3 Industrial relations 47
Consolidation 51
Topic 5 Business sectors 54
Unit 5.1 Recap the meaning of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors 55
Unit 5.2 Link/relationship between the primary, secondary and tertiary sector 56
Consolidation 62
Topic 6 Benefit of a company over other forms
of ownership 63
Unit 6.1 Forms of ownership 65
Unit 6.2 The differences between forms of ownership 76
Unit 6.3 The benefits of establishing a company versus other forms of ownership 78
Unit 6.4 The challenges of establishing a company versus other forms of ownership 79
, Unit 6.5 Understanding the Memorandum of Incorporation (MOI), notice of
incorporation, and prospectus 81
Consolidation 85
Topic 7 Avenues of acquiring businesses 86
Unit 7.1 Why entrepreneurs may decide to buy an existing business 87
Unit 7.2 The meaning, advantages, disadvantages and contractual implications
of franchising, outsourcing and leasing 89
Consolidation 95
Formal Assessment Task 1 96
TERM 2
Topic 8 Creative thinking and problem solving 102
Unit 8.1 Creative thinking to address business problems 103
Unit 8.2 Problem-solving techniques 106
Unit 8.3 Solutions to a business problem 110
Consolidation 112
Topic 9 Stress, crisis and change management 114
Unit 9.1 Stress 115
Unit 9.2 Crisis in the workplace 118
Unit 9.3 Change management 120
Consolidation 125
Topic 10 The marketing function 126
Unit 10.1 Marketing 128
Unit 10.2 The product development policy 131
Unit 10.3 The pricing policy 138
Unit 10.4 The distribution policy 142
Unit 10.5 The communication policy 148
Unit 10.6 Marketing in the informal sector 161
Unit 10.7 Electronic media 163
Unit 10.8 Foreign marketing 166
Consolidation 170
Topic 11 The production function 178
Unit 11.1 Understanding production systems 180
Unit 11.2 Defining production planning 184
Unit 11.3 Explaining safety management 188
Unit 11.4 Defining quality control 192
Unit 11.5 Evaluating production costs 194
Consolidation 200
Topic 12 Professionalism and ethics 201
Unit 12.1 Professionalism and ethics 202
Unit 12.2 Theories of ethics 205
Unit 12.3 Professional, responsible, ethical business practice 207
Consolidation 211
Formal Assessment Task 2 213
