HSCI 305 final exam

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Exam (elaborations)

HSCI 305 final exam

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23 pages

2024/2025

Institution HSCI 305

Course HSCI 305

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Exam of 23 pages for the course HSCI 305 at HSCI 305 (HSCI 305 final exam)

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HSCI 305 FINAL EXAM WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS

definexadoptivexcellxtherapyx-xcorrectxanswersx-

definexcatabolismx-xcorrectxanswersx-
producesxenergyxbyxbreakingxdownxcomplexxmoleculesxtoxsimplexsubunits

definexanabolismx-xcorrectxanswersx-
consumesxenergyxbyxproducingxcomplexxmoleculesxfromxsimplerxsubunits

thexmostxbasicxformxofxcellularxenergyxisx_______________x-xcorrectxanswersx-sugar

examplexofxaxdiagnosticxmethodxusedxinxnuclearxmedxandxhowxitxworksx-
xcorrectxanswersx-positronxemittedxtomography;xdetectsx2xphotons

,bestxagentxforxmeasuringxbloodxflow?x-xcorrectxanswersx-15Ox-xwater

examplexofxmostxcommonxtracerxforxmetastasesx-xcorrectxanswersx-18-
fluorodeoxyglucosex(FDG)ximaging;xPETxtracerxthatxmimicsxglucose

examplexofxaxclinicalxindicationxofxFDGxinxoncology?x-xcorrectxanswersx-
differentiatexbenignxfromxmalignant

`8-FDGxisxax_____________________xPETxagentx-xcorrectxanswersx-glycolysis/
metabolism

DefinexthexWarburgxEffectx-xcorrectxanswersx-
inxnormalxcells,xglycolysisxisxfollowedxbyxoxidativexphosphorylation,xbutxinxcancerxcells
xitxisxfollowedxbyxlacticxacidxfermentationxevenxwithxoxygenxwhichxproducesxexcessxla
cticxacid

howxdoxweximagexlactatexaccumulation?x-xcorrectxanswersx-13C-
pyruvatexconversionxtox13C-lactate

lactatexaccumulationxincreasesx_______________x-xcorrectxanswersx-acidity

slightlyxacidicxenvironmentxdecreasesx_______________________________ x-
xcorrectxanswersx-uptakexofxweaklyxbasicxdrugsx(includingxclassicxchemotherapy)

warburgxeffectxisxdrivenxbyx__________________x-xcorrectxanswersx-anabolism

anabolismxrequiresxlargexsupplyxofxprecursorxmaterialsxtoxmakex_____________x-
xcorrectxanswersx-DNA,xprotein,xandxlipids

whatxdoesxthextumorxcellxneedxtoxbalancexthexproductionxof?x-xcorrectxanswersx-
ATP,xNADPH,xacetyl-CoA

axtumorxcellxneedsxmorex_____________xthanx____________x-xcorrectxanswersx-
NADHxandxCarbon;xATP

primaryxsourcexofxnitrogenxforxthextumor?x-xcorrectxanswersx-glutamine

whatxdoesxthexpentosexphosphatexpathwayxdo?x-xcorrectxanswersx-
generatexNADPHx&xribose,xdivertxproductsxofxglycolysis,xreturnxcarbonsxtoxglycolysisx
asxneeded

primaryxmarkerxofxproliferation?x-xcorrectxanswersx-nucleotidexPETx=x18F-
fluorothymidine

, definexautophagyx-xcorrectxanswersx-
mechanismxtoxsurvivexnutrientxdeprivedxconditionsxandxeliminatexwaste;xcanxalsoxsup
pressxcancer

caloricxrestrictivexdietxforxcancer?x-xcorrectxanswersx-20-
40%xreductionx=xlessxriskxofxcancerxbecausexlessxobesity

ketogenicxdietxforxcancer?x-xcorrectxanswersx-mimicsxfastingxbyxrisingxketonexbodies
clinicalxtrialxofxKDxasxadjuvantxtherapyxbutxcan'txstopxcancerxbyxitself

definexradiotherapyx-xcorrectxanswersx-usexofxionizingxradiationxtoxkillxaxtumor

whatxisxthexmechanismxofxradiotherapy?x-xcorrectxanswersx-
DNAxdamagexkillsxcellsxthatxtryxtoxundergoxcellxdivision

definexionizingxradiationx-xcorrectxanswersx-
localizedxreleasexofxlargexpacketsxofxenergy,xevenxifxthextotalxamountxofxenergyxabsor
bedxisxsmall

mostxcommonxformxofxcellxdeathxwithxionizingxradiation?x-xcorrectxanswersx-
mitoticxcrisis;xcellxtriesxtoxdividexbutxchromosomalxaberrationxinterferesxwithxcellxdivisio
n

HighxLETx-xcorrectxanswersx--xlessxtissuexpenetration
-xsurfacexareaxdamage
-xfasterxabsorptionxofxenergy
-xenergyxmovesxfasterxandxmorexprecise

indirectxactionxofxradiationxonxDNAx-xcorrectxanswersx--xcomesxfromxLowxLET
-xradiationxhitsxwaterxwhichxthenxdamagesxthexDNA

directxactionxofxradiationxonxDNAx-xcorrectxanswersx--xhighxLET
-xradiationxdirectlyxhitsxandxmutatesxthexDNA

OptimalxLinearxEnergyxTransferx-xcorrectxanswersx-
mostxefficientxcellxkillingxatx100xkeV/mmx(alphaxparticles)

whatxdoesxaxsurvivalxcurvexmeasure?x-xcorrectxanswersx-
reproductivexcellxdeathx(evenxifxphysicallyxalivexbutxunablextoxreeplicate)

whatxdoesxthexshoulderximplyxonxaxsurvivalxcurve?x-xcorrectxanswersx-
impliesxrepairxofxsublethalxdamage

RBExasxaxfunctionxofxLETx-xcorrectxanswersx-asxLETxincreases:x
1.xthexsurvivalxcurvexbecomesxsteeper
2.xthexshoulderxbecomesxsmaller

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Uploaded on: February 14, 2025
Number of pages: 23
Written in: 2024/2025
Type: Exam (elaborations)
Contains: Questions & answers

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