PNP BOARD CERTIFICATION 2025 REVIEW HEALTH PROMOTION AND WELL CHILD CARE FOR INFANTS, CHILDREN, AND ADOLESCENTS EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS

PNP BOARD CERTIFICATION 2025 REVIEW HEALTH PROMOTION AND WELL CHILD CARE FOR INFANTS, CHILDREN, AND ADOLESCENTS EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS Sixteen-year-old Sarah makes the following statements to you during a health visit. Which of the following pieces of information should not be kept confidential? a. "I have been sexually active with three of my boyfriends." b. "I sometimes smoke marijuana. "c. "I want to get pregnant." d. "Sometimes I feel like ending my life." D: Any statements a patient makes that entail harm of self or others are not covered by patient confidential guidelines. In performing a physical examination of a 9-month-old infant, which of the following developmental fears would not be appropriate for you to consider? a. Stranger anxiety b. Pain c. Separation from parents d. Bodily harm D: A 9-month-old infant is not capable of such higher-order thinking. Which of the following would not elevate the pulse of a child? a. Fever b. Anemia c. Hypothyroidism d. Exercise C: Hypothyroidism decreases body metabolism, and the others cause an increase in body metabolism and subsequent pulse rate. The PNP recognizes which of the following signs as indicators that a baby is not receiving sufficient breastmilk? a. Sleepiness, jaundice, and decreased urine and stool b. Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting c. Bulging fontanel and irritability d. Sleeplessness and excitability A: Decreased intake would cause decreased alertness and decreased excretion of bilirubin due to decreased urine and stool output. Blood pressure should be measured at well-child vis-its beginning at age: a. 2 years b. 3 years c. 4 years d. 5 years B: At age 3 years, per AAP recommendations for preventive pediatric health care. A wide pulse pressure that results from a high sys-tolic blood pressure is usually not due to which of the following? a. Fever b. Exercise c. Excitement d. A patent ductus arteriosus D: Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures (normal is 20 to 50 mm Hg). A wide pulse pressure from high systolic pressure is usually due to fever, exercise, or excitement. A wide pulse pressure from low diastolic pressure is usually due to patent ductus arteriosus, aortic regurgitation, or other serious heart disease. Head and chest circumferences should be equal at: a. 6 months of age b. 1 year of age c. 2 years of age d. 3 years of age B: Head circumference is approximately 2 cm larger than chest during the first year of life; head and chest circumferences should be equal at 1 year of age; dur-ing childhood, chest is usually 5 to 7 cm larger than head. The anterior fontanel usually closes by: a. 2 months of age b. 6 months of age c. 18 months of age d. 24 months of age C: The posterior fontanel closes at 2 months, and the anterior fontanel closes at 18 months. Diffuse edema of the soft tissue of the scalp that usually crosses suture lines in the newborn is: a. Bossing b. Caput succedaneum c. Cephalohematoma d. Macrocephaly B: Caput succedaneum crosses the suture lines, whereas a cephalohematoma does not. Macrocephaly is enlarged head circumference, and bossing is full-ness of the frontal area. When performing a physical examination of a toddler, which of the following body parts would you examine last? a. Heart and lungs b. Abdomen and genitals c. Ears and throat d. Hips and extremities C: Ears and throat examination is most threatening to the toddler and likely to produce resistance during the examination. Role-play with equipment during the course of a physical examination would be most beneficial with which of the following age groups? a. Toddlers b. Preschoolers c. young school-age children d. older school-age children B: Preschoolers engage in imaginative play and are more easily engaged in this activity.