BIOS 255 FINAL EXAM 2
• Exogenous Antigen processing
Answer: Organism begins OUTSIDE the cellMHC II
• Endogenous Antigen Processing
Answer: Organism begins INSIDE the cellMHC I
• Cytokines
Answer: small protein hormones (paracrine secretions) that stimulate orinhibit many normal
cell functions
• Interleukin 2 (IL -2)
Answer: Secreted by Helper T Cells
costimulate proliferation of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and B cellsactivate NK cells
• Interleukin 1 (IL-1)
Answer: produce macrophagespromotes proliferation of helper T cells
acts on hypothalamus to cause fever
• Where are MHC I found?
Answer: present in all cells
• Where are MHC II found?
Answer: only on antigen presenting cells
• what are the 2 types ofT cells?
Answer: Helper CD4 T Cells and Cytotoxic CD8 T cells
• Helper T cell proliferation steps
Answer:
-Antigen Cell comes in
-Antigen recognition due to costimulation
-inactive helper T cells bind with MHC II
-helper T cells activated
-clonal selection forms helper t cell clone
-creates memory helper t cell & active helper t cell
,• cytotoxic T cell proliferation steps
Answer:
-infected body cell
-Helper T cell costimulation
-MHC I binds and creates inactive cytotoxic T cells
-CT cells activated
-Formation of CT cell clone
- creates active CT cell & memory CT cell
• what are the 2 pathways of cytotoxic t cells?
Answer: use of granzymesuse of granulysin
• CytotoxicT cells with granzymes
Answer: granzymes come in and make cell undergoapoptosis
• Cytotoxic T cells with granulysin
Answer: Granulysin brings in Perforin which punctures the cell membrane causing cytolysis
• Steps of Cell-Mediated Immunity
Answer:
1. antigen is recognized and bound
2. small # of T cells proliferate & differentiate into a clone of effector cells
3.antigen is eliminated
• What are the 2 type of immune response?
Answer: Innate Immunity and AdaptiveImmunity
• Which lines of defense make up innate immunity?
Answer: 1st and 2nd line of defense
• Innate Immunity characteristics
Answer:
Non-specific resistance
Present at birth
1st & 2nd line of defense
• What is the 1st line of defense?
Answer: Skin & Mucous Membranes
• What is the 2nd line of defense?
Answer: Internal Defenses
• The 1st line of defense is made up of what 2 types?
, Answer: Mechanical Defense &Chemical Defense
• What are the mechanical defenses in innate immunity
Answer: skinmucous membranes
tears saliva mucus cillia epiglottis urine defecatingvomiting
• What are the chemical defenses in innate immunity
Answer:
sebumlysozyme
gastric juices
• What makes up the internal defenses of innate immunity
Answer:
antimicrobial proteins
natural killer cells
Fever Phagocytes Inflammation
Complement system
Interferons (IFN)
• steps of phagocytosis
Answer:
chemotaxis
• Exogenous Antigen processing
Answer: Organism begins OUTSIDE the cellMHC II
• Endogenous Antigen Processing
Answer: Organism begins INSIDE the cellMHC I
• Cytokines
Answer: small protein hormones (paracrine secretions) that stimulate orinhibit many normal
cell functions
• Interleukin 2 (IL -2)
Answer: Secreted by Helper T Cells
costimulate proliferation of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and B cellsactivate NK cells
• Interleukin 1 (IL-1)
Answer: produce macrophagespromotes proliferation of helper T cells
acts on hypothalamus to cause fever
• Where are MHC I found?
Answer: present in all cells
• Where are MHC II found?
Answer: only on antigen presenting cells
• what are the 2 types ofT cells?
Answer: Helper CD4 T Cells and Cytotoxic CD8 T cells
• Helper T cell proliferation steps
Answer:
-Antigen Cell comes in
-Antigen recognition due to costimulation
-inactive helper T cells bind with MHC II
-helper T cells activated
-clonal selection forms helper t cell clone
-creates memory helper t cell & active helper t cell
,• cytotoxic T cell proliferation steps
Answer:
-infected body cell
-Helper T cell costimulation
-MHC I binds and creates inactive cytotoxic T cells
-CT cells activated
-Formation of CT cell clone
- creates active CT cell & memory CT cell
• what are the 2 pathways of cytotoxic t cells?
Answer: use of granzymesuse of granulysin
• CytotoxicT cells with granzymes
Answer: granzymes come in and make cell undergoapoptosis
• Cytotoxic T cells with granulysin
Answer: Granulysin brings in Perforin which punctures the cell membrane causing cytolysis
• Steps of Cell-Mediated Immunity
Answer:
1. antigen is recognized and bound
2. small # of T cells proliferate & differentiate into a clone of effector cells
3.antigen is eliminated
• What are the 2 type of immune response?
Answer: Innate Immunity and AdaptiveImmunity
• Which lines of defense make up innate immunity?
Answer: 1st and 2nd line of defense
• Innate Immunity characteristics
Answer:
Non-specific resistance
Present at birth
1st & 2nd line of defense
• What is the 1st line of defense?
Answer: Skin & Mucous Membranes
• What is the 2nd line of defense?
Answer: Internal Defenses
• The 1st line of defense is made up of what 2 types?
, Answer: Mechanical Defense &Chemical Defense
• What are the mechanical defenses in innate immunity
Answer: skinmucous membranes
tears saliva mucus cillia epiglottis urine defecatingvomiting
• What are the chemical defenses in innate immunity
Answer:
sebumlysozyme
gastric juices
• What makes up the internal defenses of innate immunity
Answer:
antimicrobial proteins
natural killer cells
Fever Phagocytes Inflammation
Complement system
Interferons (IFN)
• steps of phagocytosis
Answer:
chemotaxis
