BIOS 255 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
1. Elastic (conducting) arteries
Answer: Largest arteries by diameter; contain more elastic fibers than smooth muscle
2. Muscular (distributing) arteries
Answer: Contain large amounts of smooth muscle (also known as distributing arteries), most
arteries in the body fall into this category
3. resistance arteries (arterioles)
Answer: Smallest arteries by diameter; slightly larger than the diameter of one red blood cell;
attached to the capillary beds; pre-capillarysphincter (chemoreceptor for oxygen) used to
control blood flow through the systemic capillary
4. aneurysm
Answer: A weak point in the wall of a vessel, bulging sac that pulses witheach heartbeat
5. Capillaries
Answer: Diameter roughly the size of one red blood cell; site of the exchangeof fluids and
nutrients/waste; only have tunica intima
6. continuous capillaries
Answer: tight junctions, creating a continuous and uninterruptedlining, small gaps for exchange
of gases via simple diffusion
7. fenestrated capillaries
Answer: Contains pores fenestrations; allows for slightly largermolecules to filter; found ok
places like the kidney
8. sinusoidal capillaries
Answer: Large openings allow the passage of larger moles suchas proteins and formed
elements; found in the liver
9. Veins
Answer: Contain valves; rely on the following to create pressure to assist in returning blood to
the heart: vasoconstriction, valves, skeletal muscle pump, respiratory pump, and cardiac
suction
10. Venules
Answer: Smallest veins in diameter; attached to capillary bed
11. medium sized veins
Answer: slightly larger diameter veins
, 12. large veins
Answer: Largest diameter veins; roughly the size of a garden hose; inferiorvena cava is best
example
13. Veins
Answer: Contain most of the blood at any given time and function as a blood reservoir that
can dramatically increases venous return to the heart when systemicvenoconstriction increases
venous return
14. blood flow
Answer: Heart, artery, arteriole, capillary, post capillary venule, vein, heart
15. Blood direction
Answer: Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, and back to heart
16. Portal system
Answer: Consists of blood vessels that have a capillary bed at either end
17. Anastomosis
Answer: Consists of the merging of vessels other than capillaries, botharterial and venous
18. Perfusion
Answer: Flow to a given tissue
19. blood pressure (BP)
Answer: The force exerted by blood against a vessel's wall as itflows through
20. BP
Answer: systolic pressure/diastolic pressure
21. systolic pressure
Answer: Pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts and pumpsblood into the circulation
22. diastolic pressure
Answer: Pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest betweenbeats
23. Pulse pressure
Answer: systolic pressure - diastolic pressure
24. Korotkoff sounds
Answer: Circulatory sounds heard upon auscultation of the brachialartery
25. MAP
1. Elastic (conducting) arteries
Answer: Largest arteries by diameter; contain more elastic fibers than smooth muscle
2. Muscular (distributing) arteries
Answer: Contain large amounts of smooth muscle (also known as distributing arteries), most
arteries in the body fall into this category
3. resistance arteries (arterioles)
Answer: Smallest arteries by diameter; slightly larger than the diameter of one red blood cell;
attached to the capillary beds; pre-capillarysphincter (chemoreceptor for oxygen) used to
control blood flow through the systemic capillary
4. aneurysm
Answer: A weak point in the wall of a vessel, bulging sac that pulses witheach heartbeat
5. Capillaries
Answer: Diameter roughly the size of one red blood cell; site of the exchangeof fluids and
nutrients/waste; only have tunica intima
6. continuous capillaries
Answer: tight junctions, creating a continuous and uninterruptedlining, small gaps for exchange
of gases via simple diffusion
7. fenestrated capillaries
Answer: Contains pores fenestrations; allows for slightly largermolecules to filter; found ok
places like the kidney
8. sinusoidal capillaries
Answer: Large openings allow the passage of larger moles suchas proteins and formed
elements; found in the liver
9. Veins
Answer: Contain valves; rely on the following to create pressure to assist in returning blood to
the heart: vasoconstriction, valves, skeletal muscle pump, respiratory pump, and cardiac
suction
10. Venules
Answer: Smallest veins in diameter; attached to capillary bed
11. medium sized veins
Answer: slightly larger diameter veins
, 12. large veins
Answer: Largest diameter veins; roughly the size of a garden hose; inferiorvena cava is best
example
13. Veins
Answer: Contain most of the blood at any given time and function as a blood reservoir that
can dramatically increases venous return to the heart when systemicvenoconstriction increases
venous return
14. blood flow
Answer: Heart, artery, arteriole, capillary, post capillary venule, vein, heart
15. Blood direction
Answer: Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, and back to heart
16. Portal system
Answer: Consists of blood vessels that have a capillary bed at either end
17. Anastomosis
Answer: Consists of the merging of vessels other than capillaries, botharterial and venous
18. Perfusion
Answer: Flow to a given tissue
19. blood pressure (BP)
Answer: The force exerted by blood against a vessel's wall as itflows through
20. BP
Answer: systolic pressure/diastolic pressure
21. systolic pressure
Answer: Pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts and pumpsblood into the circulation
22. diastolic pressure
Answer: Pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest betweenbeats
23. Pulse pressure
Answer: systolic pressure - diastolic pressure
24. Korotkoff sounds
Answer: Circulatory sounds heard upon auscultation of the brachialartery
25. MAP
