BIOS 255 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEW
• 3 basic components shared by connective tissues
Answer:
1. Specialized cells
2. Extracellular protein fibers
3. Fluid called ground substance
• Extracellular Protein Fibers - Reticular Fibers
Answer: Strong & form branching net-work
• Extracellular Protein Fibers - Collagen Fibers
Answer: Thick, very strong
• Extracellular Protein Fibers - Elastic Fibers
Answer: Slender, very stretchy
• Connective Tissue Ground Substance
Answer:
* Clear & colorless
* Viscous (syrupy) due to presence of proteoglycans & glycoproteins
* Allows substances to travel between blood capillaries & cells
• Cartilage overview
Answer:
* Matrix is a firm gel containing chondroitin sulfates (cartilage), polysaccharide dervatives
* Only 1 type of cell (chondrocyte)
* Avascular
• Osseous Tissue (Bone Tissue)
Answer:
* Connective tissue with solid, crystalline matrix
*Small volume of ground substance
* 2/3 of matrix is calcium salts (provide strength)
*Mostly calcium phosphate
* Some calcium carbonate
* Many collagen fibers (provide flexibility)
* Strong, somewhat flexible, resistane to shattering
• Muscle Tissue
Answer:
, * Specialized for contraction to cause movement
* Movement of the body
* Movement of blood around the cardiovascular system
* Movement of materials along the digestive tract
• 3 Types of Muscles
Answer:
1. Skeletal muscle tissue
2. Cardiac muscle tissue
3. Smooth muscle tissue
• Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Answer: Moves the body
• Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Answer: Moves blood within the heart & through blood vessels
• Smooth Muscle Tissue
Answer:
* Moves fluids & solids along digestive tract
* Regulates diameter of small arteries, among other functions
• Nervous Tissue
Answer:
* Specialized for conduction of electrical impulses
* 98% found in brain & spinal cord
• Nervous Tissue - 2 Basic types of Cells
Answer:
1. Neurons
2. Neuroglia or glial cells (various supporting cells)
• Cutaneous Membrane
Answer:
* Outer Epidermis
* Inner Dermis
• Accessory Structures
Answer:
* Hairs
* Nails
* Exocrine glands (Sebaceous glands, Sweat glands)
* Sensory receptors & nerve fibers
• 3 basic components shared by connective tissues
Answer:
1. Specialized cells
2. Extracellular protein fibers
3. Fluid called ground substance
• Extracellular Protein Fibers - Reticular Fibers
Answer: Strong & form branching net-work
• Extracellular Protein Fibers - Collagen Fibers
Answer: Thick, very strong
• Extracellular Protein Fibers - Elastic Fibers
Answer: Slender, very stretchy
• Connective Tissue Ground Substance
Answer:
* Clear & colorless
* Viscous (syrupy) due to presence of proteoglycans & glycoproteins
* Allows substances to travel between blood capillaries & cells
• Cartilage overview
Answer:
* Matrix is a firm gel containing chondroitin sulfates (cartilage), polysaccharide dervatives
* Only 1 type of cell (chondrocyte)
* Avascular
• Osseous Tissue (Bone Tissue)
Answer:
* Connective tissue with solid, crystalline matrix
*Small volume of ground substance
* 2/3 of matrix is calcium salts (provide strength)
*Mostly calcium phosphate
* Some calcium carbonate
* Many collagen fibers (provide flexibility)
* Strong, somewhat flexible, resistane to shattering
• Muscle Tissue
Answer:
, * Specialized for contraction to cause movement
* Movement of the body
* Movement of blood around the cardiovascular system
* Movement of materials along the digestive tract
• 3 Types of Muscles
Answer:
1. Skeletal muscle tissue
2. Cardiac muscle tissue
3. Smooth muscle tissue
• Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Answer: Moves the body
• Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Answer: Moves blood within the heart & through blood vessels
• Smooth Muscle Tissue
Answer:
* Moves fluids & solids along digestive tract
* Regulates diameter of small arteries, among other functions
• Nervous Tissue
Answer:
* Specialized for conduction of electrical impulses
* 98% found in brain & spinal cord
• Nervous Tissue - 2 Basic types of Cells
Answer:
1. Neurons
2. Neuroglia or glial cells (various supporting cells)
• Cutaneous Membrane
Answer:
* Outer Epidermis
* Inner Dermis
• Accessory Structures
Answer:
* Hairs
* Nails
* Exocrine glands (Sebaceous glands, Sweat glands)
* Sensory receptors & nerve fibers
