BIOS 255 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 3
1. Heads
Answer: upper, rounded end of a bone
2. Which bone makes up most of the hard palate?
Answer: palatine bone
3. What is the diaphysis?
Answer: shaft of a long bone
4. What is the metaphysis?
Answer: area between epiphysis and diaphysis
5. What is the epiphysis?
Answer: End of a long bone
6. Anatomy of Synovial Joints
Answer: articular cartilage, articular capsule, joint cavity,synovial membrane, synovial fluid
7. synovial joints
Answer: created where two bones articulate to permit a variety ofmotions
8. synovial joint mobility
Answer: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, circumduction
9. talocrural (ankle) joint
Answer: includes two articulations—a medial joint between thetibia and talus and a lateral
joint between the fibula
10. sacroiliac joint location
Answer: between sacrum and ilium, connects pelvis to axialsystem
11. what bones make up the sacroiliac joint?
Answer: the sacrum and ilium
, 12. What is a sarcomere?
Answer: contractile unit of a muscle fiber
13. what are muscle twitches?
Answer: Motor unit contractions (fibers shorten in unison)that occur in 3 phases
14. what is incomplete tetanus?
Answer: muscle fibers partially relax between contraction
15. what is complete tetanus?
Answer: no relaxation between contractions
16. What is the effect of acetylcholine attaching to its receptor?
Answer: allows for theopening of the ligand-regulated ion gate; creation of end-plate potential
17. Refer to p. 396, Briefly explain steps 6 through 13
Answer: These events link actionpotentials in the muscle fiber to the release and binding of
calcium ions.
18. Agonists
Answer: the muscle that is contracting
19. Antagonist
Answer: the muscle that is relaxing or lengthening
20. Synergists
Answer: help prime movers by producing the same movement or by reducingundesirable
movements
21. Define positive feedback
Answer: A self-amplifying cycle that leads to greater changein the same direction
22. Define negative feedback
Answer: A process in which the body senses a change andactivates mechanisms that negate or
reverse it
23. What is epithelial tissue?
Answer: a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines abody cavity
24. Is epithelial tissue vascular or avascular?
Answer: avascular (it contains no bloodvessels)
25. why is epithelial tissue polar?
Answer: These cells are polarized and form extensive cell-cell adhesions, including adherens
1. Heads
Answer: upper, rounded end of a bone
2. Which bone makes up most of the hard palate?
Answer: palatine bone
3. What is the diaphysis?
Answer: shaft of a long bone
4. What is the metaphysis?
Answer: area between epiphysis and diaphysis
5. What is the epiphysis?
Answer: End of a long bone
6. Anatomy of Synovial Joints
Answer: articular cartilage, articular capsule, joint cavity,synovial membrane, synovial fluid
7. synovial joints
Answer: created where two bones articulate to permit a variety ofmotions
8. synovial joint mobility
Answer: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, circumduction
9. talocrural (ankle) joint
Answer: includes two articulations—a medial joint between thetibia and talus and a lateral
joint between the fibula
10. sacroiliac joint location
Answer: between sacrum and ilium, connects pelvis to axialsystem
11. what bones make up the sacroiliac joint?
Answer: the sacrum and ilium
, 12. What is a sarcomere?
Answer: contractile unit of a muscle fiber
13. what are muscle twitches?
Answer: Motor unit contractions (fibers shorten in unison)that occur in 3 phases
14. what is incomplete tetanus?
Answer: muscle fibers partially relax between contraction
15. what is complete tetanus?
Answer: no relaxation between contractions
16. What is the effect of acetylcholine attaching to its receptor?
Answer: allows for theopening of the ligand-regulated ion gate; creation of end-plate potential
17. Refer to p. 396, Briefly explain steps 6 through 13
Answer: These events link actionpotentials in the muscle fiber to the release and binding of
calcium ions.
18. Agonists
Answer: the muscle that is contracting
19. Antagonist
Answer: the muscle that is relaxing or lengthening
20. Synergists
Answer: help prime movers by producing the same movement or by reducingundesirable
movements
21. Define positive feedback
Answer: A self-amplifying cycle that leads to greater changein the same direction
22. Define negative feedback
Answer: A process in which the body senses a change andactivates mechanisms that negate or
reverse it
23. What is epithelial tissue?
Answer: a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines abody cavity
24. Is epithelial tissue vascular or avascular?
Answer: avascular (it contains no bloodvessels)
25. why is epithelial tissue polar?
Answer: These cells are polarized and form extensive cell-cell adhesions, including adherens
