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Biological Science, 6e (Freeman/Quillin/Allison)
Chapter 2 Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life
1) About twenty-five of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of
these 25 elements make up approximately 96 percent of living matter?
A) carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen
B) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen
C) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen
D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
E) carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
V&C Core Concept: EM
V&C Core Comp: PS
LO: 2.1
Section: 2.1
2) Why is each element unique with respect to its chemical properties? Each element has a
distinctive ________.
A) atomic mass
B) number of electrons
C) number of protons
D) number of neutrons
E) radioactive property
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
V&C Core Concept: EM
V&C Core Comp: PS
LO: 2.1
Section: 2.1
3) Knowing the atomic mass of an element allows inferences about which of the following?
A) the number of electrons in the element
B) the number of protons in the element
C) the number of neutrons in the element
D) the number of protons plus neutrons in the element
E) the number of protons plus electrons in the element
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
V&C Core Concept: EM
V&C Core Comp: PS
LO: 2.1
Section: 2.1
1
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4) Carbon-12 is the most common isotope of carbon and has a mass number of 12. However, the 7) Nitrogen (N) is more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following is a correct
average atomic mass of carbon found on a periodic table is slightly more than 12 daltons. Why? statement about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)?
A) The atomic mass does not include the mass of electrons. A) Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative
B) Some carbon atoms in nature have an extra proton. charge.
C) Some carbon atoms in nature have more neutrons. B) Ammonia has an overall positive charge.
D) Some carbon atoms in nature have a different valence electron distribution. C) Ammonia has an overall negative charge.
E) Some carbon atoms in nature have undergone radioactive decay. D) The nitrogen atom has a partial positive charge; each hydrogen atom has a partial negative
Answer: C charge.
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing E) There are covalent bonds between the hydrogen atoms and polar bonds between each
V&C Core Concept: EM hydrogen atom and the nitrogen atom.
V&C Core Comp: PS Answer: A
LO: 2.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 2.1 V&C Core Concept: EM
V&C Core Comp: PS
5) From its atomic number of 15, it is possible to predict that the phosphorus atom has LO: 2.1
________. Section: 2.1
A) 5 neutrons, 5 protons, and 5 electrons
B) 30 neutrons 8) Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are ________.
C) 15 neutrons and 15 protons A) hydrogen bonds
D) 8 electrons in its outermost electron shell B) van der Waals interactions
E) 15 protons and 15 electrons C) polar covalent bonds
Answer: E D) nonpolar covalent bonds
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding E) ionic bonds
V&C Core Concept: EM Answer: D
V&C Core Comp: PS Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 2.1 V&C Core Concept: EM
Section: 2.1 V&C Core Comp: PS
LO: 2.1
6) A covalent chemical bond is one in which ________. Section: 2.1
A) electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms
become oppositely charged 9) A covalent bond is likely to be polar when ________.
B) protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms A) one of the atoms sharing electrons is more electronegative than the other atom
C) outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill their respective orbitals B) the two atoms sharing electrons are equally electronegative
D) outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to fill the inner electron shell of another atom C) carbon is one of the two atoms sharing electrons
E) electrons from the same atom, but opposite spins, are paired D) one of the atoms has absorbed more energy than the other atom
Answer: C E) the two atoms sharing electrons are the same elements
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Answer: A
V&C Core Concept: EM Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
V&C Core Comp: PS V&C Core Concept: EM
LO: 2.1 V&C Core Comp: PS
Section: 2.1 LO: 2.1
Section: 2.1
2 3
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10) What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds? 11) Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
A) Covalent bonds require carbon whereas ionic bonds do not.
B) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve
the sharing of single electrons between atoms.
C) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the
electrical attraction between charged atoms.
D) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the
sharing of protons between charged atoms.
E) Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons between charged atoms; ionic bonds involve
the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
V&C Core Concept: EM
V&C Core Comp: PS
LO: 2.1
Section: 2.1
Refer to the figure above (first three rows of the periodic table). What element has properties
most similar to carbon?
A) boron
B) silicon
C) nitrogen
D) aluminum
E) phosphorus
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
V&C Core Concept: EM
V&C Core Comp: PS
LO: 2.1
Section: 2.1
4 5
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14)
12) Which drawing in the figure above depicts the electron configuration of an element with
chemical properties most similar to helium (2He)? What results from the chemical reaction illustrated above? The reactants have no charge.
A) A A) a cation with a net charge of +1 and an anion with a net charge of +1
B) B B) a cation with a net charge of −1 and an anion with a net charge of −1
C) C C) a cation with a net charge of −1 and an anion with a net charge of +1
D) D D) a cation with a net charge of +1 and an anion with a net charge of −1
E) E Answer: D
Answer: E Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: EM
V&C Core Concept: EM V&C Core Comp: PS
V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 2.1
LO: 2.1 Section: 2.1
Section: 2.1
13) Which drawing in the figure above depicts an atom with six valence electrons?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
V&C Core Concept: EM
V&C Core Comp: PS
LO: 2.1
Section: 2.1
6 7
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Biological Science, 6e (Freeman/Quillin/Allison)
Chapter 2 Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life
1) About twenty-five of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of
these 25 elements make up approximately 96 percent of living matter?
A) carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen
B) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen
C) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen
D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
E) carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
V&C Core Concept: EM
V&C Core Comp: PS
LO: 2.1
Section: 2.1
2) Why is each element unique with respect to its chemical properties? Each element has a
distinctive ________.
A) atomic mass
B) number of electrons
C) number of protons
D) number of neutrons
E) radioactive property
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
V&C Core Concept: EM
V&C Core Comp: PS
LO: 2.1
Section: 2.1
3) Knowing the atomic mass of an element allows inferences about which of the following?
A) the number of electrons in the element
B) the number of protons in the element
C) the number of neutrons in the element
D) the number of protons plus neutrons in the element
E) the number of protons plus electrons in the element
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
V&C Core Concept: EM
V&C Core Comp: PS
LO: 2.1
Section: 2.1
1
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4) Carbon-12 is the most common isotope of carbon and has a mass number of 12. However, the 7) Nitrogen (N) is more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following is a correct
average atomic mass of carbon found on a periodic table is slightly more than 12 daltons. Why? statement about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)?
A) The atomic mass does not include the mass of electrons. A) Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative
B) Some carbon atoms in nature have an extra proton. charge.
C) Some carbon atoms in nature have more neutrons. B) Ammonia has an overall positive charge.
D) Some carbon atoms in nature have a different valence electron distribution. C) Ammonia has an overall negative charge.
E) Some carbon atoms in nature have undergone radioactive decay. D) The nitrogen atom has a partial positive charge; each hydrogen atom has a partial negative
Answer: C charge.
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing E) There are covalent bonds between the hydrogen atoms and polar bonds between each
V&C Core Concept: EM hydrogen atom and the nitrogen atom.
V&C Core Comp: PS Answer: A
LO: 2.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Section: 2.1 V&C Core Concept: EM
V&C Core Comp: PS
5) From its atomic number of 15, it is possible to predict that the phosphorus atom has LO: 2.1
________. Section: 2.1
A) 5 neutrons, 5 protons, and 5 electrons
B) 30 neutrons 8) Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are ________.
C) 15 neutrons and 15 protons A) hydrogen bonds
D) 8 electrons in its outermost electron shell B) van der Waals interactions
E) 15 protons and 15 electrons C) polar covalent bonds
Answer: E D) nonpolar covalent bonds
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding E) ionic bonds
V&C Core Concept: EM Answer: D
V&C Core Comp: PS Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 2.1 V&C Core Concept: EM
Section: 2.1 V&C Core Comp: PS
LO: 2.1
6) A covalent chemical bond is one in which ________. Section: 2.1
A) electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms
become oppositely charged 9) A covalent bond is likely to be polar when ________.
B) protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms A) one of the atoms sharing electrons is more electronegative than the other atom
C) outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill their respective orbitals B) the two atoms sharing electrons are equally electronegative
D) outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to fill the inner electron shell of another atom C) carbon is one of the two atoms sharing electrons
E) electrons from the same atom, but opposite spins, are paired D) one of the atoms has absorbed more energy than the other atom
Answer: C E) the two atoms sharing electrons are the same elements
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Answer: A
V&C Core Concept: EM Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
V&C Core Comp: PS V&C Core Concept: EM
LO: 2.1 V&C Core Comp: PS
Section: 2.1 LO: 2.1
Section: 2.1
2 3
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10) What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds? 11) Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
A) Covalent bonds require carbon whereas ionic bonds do not.
B) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve
the sharing of single electrons between atoms.
C) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the
electrical attraction between charged atoms.
D) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the
sharing of protons between charged atoms.
E) Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons between charged atoms; ionic bonds involve
the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
V&C Core Concept: EM
V&C Core Comp: PS
LO: 2.1
Section: 2.1
Refer to the figure above (first three rows of the periodic table). What element has properties
most similar to carbon?
A) boron
B) silicon
C) nitrogen
D) aluminum
E) phosphorus
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
V&C Core Concept: EM
V&C Core Comp: PS
LO: 2.1
Section: 2.1
4 5
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14)
12) Which drawing in the figure above depicts the electron configuration of an element with
chemical properties most similar to helium (2He)? What results from the chemical reaction illustrated above? The reactants have no charge.
A) A A) a cation with a net charge of +1 and an anion with a net charge of +1
B) B B) a cation with a net charge of −1 and an anion with a net charge of −1
C) C C) a cation with a net charge of −1 and an anion with a net charge of +1
D) D D) a cation with a net charge of +1 and an anion with a net charge of −1
E) E Answer: D
Answer: E Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing V&C Core Concept: EM
V&C Core Concept: EM V&C Core Comp: PS
V&C Core Comp: PS LO: 2.1
LO: 2.1 Section: 2.1
Section: 2.1
13) Which drawing in the figure above depicts an atom with six valence electrons?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
V&C Core Concept: EM
V&C Core Comp: PS
LO: 2.1
Section: 2.1
6 7
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