BIOLOGY EXAM QUESTION WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS RATED A.
When you are taking a step up on a staircase, flexion occurs at which
joints?
Flexion will occur at the hip and knee as you raise your foot to the next stair.
Depending on the height of the stair, you may also perform dorsiflexion at the
ankle.
Which of these produces a hormone that increases blood calcium levels?
parathyroid
Which of the following is a flat spot on a bone?
facet
Which of these cells is INCORRECTLY paired with its function?
osteocytes - make bone tissue
Spongy bone tissue is made of a framework called:
trabeculae
A difference between endochondral and intramembraneous ossification is
the order in which bone tissues are formed
The patella is an example of which type of bone
sesamoid
Which of the following statements about the hyoid is correct?
It is suspended from the styloid processes of the temporal bones.
An exaggeration of the lumbar curve of the vertebral column is called
lordosis
Which of the following is FALSE
,cervical vertebrae have foramina in their spinous processes
All of the following contain a paranasal sinus EXCEPT
zygomatic
How many of your ribs are vertebral ribs?
four
Which skull bones contain the auditory ossicles?
temporals
Which of the nasal conchae are individual bones?
inferior
Which of the following is the definition for a spiral fracture?
The bone has been twisted apart
Which of these is an irregular bone?
vertebra
Blood vessels are found in
central canals
Which fracture would be least likely in a 92-year-old?
greenstick
Yellow bone marrow contains
fat
Which of these is NOT part of the nasal septum?
nasal bone
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption. Which of the following cells
accomplishes this process?
None of these is correct
,A fracture in the end of a bone is a break in the:
epiphysis
What kind of tissue is replaced in endochondral ossification?
hyaline cartilage
What might cause epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children to close
too early?
elevated levels of sex hormones
Which of the following are unpaired cranial bones?
occipital and sphenoid
Which of the following is correct about intramembraneous ossification?
Trabeculae are formed before osteons
Which of these takes place during intramembranous ossification?
An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue.
Which of the following is not a facial bone?
ethmoid
Multiple answers question. Choose all correct answers.
In a closed, non-displaced, incomplete fracture
Correct Answer
the bone has not been broken into two pieces, the broken ends of the bone do
not protrude through the skin, and the bone are not out of anatomical position
Multiple answer question. Mark all correct answers.
Osteoprogenitor cells
differentiate into osteoblasts, and play a role in endochondral ossification
Name and describe the 4 normal curves of the vertebral column
Cervical - convex anteriorly Thoracic - concave anteriorly Lumbar - convex
anteriorly Sacral - concave anteriorly
, Describe the anatomy and physiology of the epiphyseal plate.
The epiphyseal plate consists of 4 zones. The physiology of the epiphyseal
plate mimics the processes that occur during endochondral ossification.
Starting at the epiphysis end, Proliferation zone: consists of dividing
chondrocytes. This is where tissue is added to make the bone longer
Hypertrophic zone: the chondrocytes enlarge Calcification zone: the matrix is
calcified and the chondrocytes die. Ossification zone: the calcified cartilage is
removed and replaced by bone tissue
What is Paget's disease?
Characterized by excessive and haphazard bone deposition and resorption..
The resulting bone tissue has a high ratio of spongy bone to compact bone.
For endochondral ossification in a long bone, explain how and where
spongy bone tissue is first made.
Endochondral ossification begins with a hyaline cartilage model. After the
cartilage cells at the center of the model hypertrophy and burst, the calcified
material is removed by osteoclasts. Spongy bone is then made by osteoclasts
inside the diaphysis.
Describe two of these bone markings: fissure, fossa, facet.
Fissure: a narrow slit Fossa: a basin-like depression Facet: a flat spot
Explain how cartilage grows.
Cartilage grows slowly, and in two ways. In appositional growth the
chondroblasts secrete new cartilage matrix onto the outside of existing
cartilage. In interstitial growth chondroblasts divide and secrete new matrix
inside the existing cartilage
Your friend has suffered a broken nose. Name 4 bones that could
potentially be involved in a fracture of the nose or nasal cavity.
Nasal, ethmoid, inferior nasal conchae, palatine, maxillae, vomer
What passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae?
SOLUTIONS RATED A.
When you are taking a step up on a staircase, flexion occurs at which
joints?
Flexion will occur at the hip and knee as you raise your foot to the next stair.
Depending on the height of the stair, you may also perform dorsiflexion at the
ankle.
Which of these produces a hormone that increases blood calcium levels?
parathyroid
Which of the following is a flat spot on a bone?
facet
Which of these cells is INCORRECTLY paired with its function?
osteocytes - make bone tissue
Spongy bone tissue is made of a framework called:
trabeculae
A difference between endochondral and intramembraneous ossification is
the order in which bone tissues are formed
The patella is an example of which type of bone
sesamoid
Which of the following statements about the hyoid is correct?
It is suspended from the styloid processes of the temporal bones.
An exaggeration of the lumbar curve of the vertebral column is called
lordosis
Which of the following is FALSE
,cervical vertebrae have foramina in their spinous processes
All of the following contain a paranasal sinus EXCEPT
zygomatic
How many of your ribs are vertebral ribs?
four
Which skull bones contain the auditory ossicles?
temporals
Which of the nasal conchae are individual bones?
inferior
Which of the following is the definition for a spiral fracture?
The bone has been twisted apart
Which of these is an irregular bone?
vertebra
Blood vessels are found in
central canals
Which fracture would be least likely in a 92-year-old?
greenstick
Yellow bone marrow contains
fat
Which of these is NOT part of the nasal septum?
nasal bone
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption. Which of the following cells
accomplishes this process?
None of these is correct
,A fracture in the end of a bone is a break in the:
epiphysis
What kind of tissue is replaced in endochondral ossification?
hyaline cartilage
What might cause epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children to close
too early?
elevated levels of sex hormones
Which of the following are unpaired cranial bones?
occipital and sphenoid
Which of the following is correct about intramembraneous ossification?
Trabeculae are formed before osteons
Which of these takes place during intramembranous ossification?
An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue.
Which of the following is not a facial bone?
ethmoid
Multiple answers question. Choose all correct answers.
In a closed, non-displaced, incomplete fracture
Correct Answer
the bone has not been broken into two pieces, the broken ends of the bone do
not protrude through the skin, and the bone are not out of anatomical position
Multiple answer question. Mark all correct answers.
Osteoprogenitor cells
differentiate into osteoblasts, and play a role in endochondral ossification
Name and describe the 4 normal curves of the vertebral column
Cervical - convex anteriorly Thoracic - concave anteriorly Lumbar - convex
anteriorly Sacral - concave anteriorly
, Describe the anatomy and physiology of the epiphyseal plate.
The epiphyseal plate consists of 4 zones. The physiology of the epiphyseal
plate mimics the processes that occur during endochondral ossification.
Starting at the epiphysis end, Proliferation zone: consists of dividing
chondrocytes. This is where tissue is added to make the bone longer
Hypertrophic zone: the chondrocytes enlarge Calcification zone: the matrix is
calcified and the chondrocytes die. Ossification zone: the calcified cartilage is
removed and replaced by bone tissue
What is Paget's disease?
Characterized by excessive and haphazard bone deposition and resorption..
The resulting bone tissue has a high ratio of spongy bone to compact bone.
For endochondral ossification in a long bone, explain how and where
spongy bone tissue is first made.
Endochondral ossification begins with a hyaline cartilage model. After the
cartilage cells at the center of the model hypertrophy and burst, the calcified
material is removed by osteoclasts. Spongy bone is then made by osteoclasts
inside the diaphysis.
Describe two of these bone markings: fissure, fossa, facet.
Fissure: a narrow slit Fossa: a basin-like depression Facet: a flat spot
Explain how cartilage grows.
Cartilage grows slowly, and in two ways. In appositional growth the
chondroblasts secrete new cartilage matrix onto the outside of existing
cartilage. In interstitial growth chondroblasts divide and secrete new matrix
inside the existing cartilage
Your friend has suffered a broken nose. Name 4 bones that could
potentially be involved in a fracture of the nose or nasal cavity.
Nasal, ethmoid, inferior nasal conchae, palatine, maxillae, vomer
What passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae?
