PHAR 100 EXAM 2O25/2026 REVISED NEW EDITION
EXAMNINATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Central nervous system (C N S): - The portion of the nervous system comprised of the brain and
spinal cord.
Humans have used drugs since before recorded history. Early written records from China and Egypt
provide a glimpse of the ancient traditions of drug use. Although a few useful drugs (e.g., opium)
were identified over )_____ years ago, the majority of clinically useful drugs have been developed
over the past ______years with the advent of the experimental biological sciences, including
pharmacology. - 2000; 250
Several key historical influences have shaped modern pharmacology. Some of these influences
include: - The many discoveries made by ancient civilizations; The role of poisons in history; The
influence of religion
Ancient Greece & pharmacology, major drugs associated: - opium & morphine
In the year 380 B.C.E, Theophrastus, a pupil of Aristotle, wrote a textbook on therapeutics that
included opium. Opium is obtained from the - Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum).
Serturner, a pharmacist working in Germany in 1803, isolated crystals of morphine from opium and -
tested the pure substance on himself and three companions, discovering its pain relieving
capabilities.
Opium was found to contain two important substances: - morphine and codeine.
Opium was found to contain approximately ____% morphine. - 10
Serturner coined the name morphine from - Morpheus, god of dreams.
Morphine is able to relieve pain of - very great intensity.
acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin®) and acetaminophen (Tylenol®), while valuable medications, will only
relieve - mild to moderate pain.
, Opium contains ___% codeine. - 0.5%
Codeine is widely used for - pain relief and is a constituent of Tylenol-3®, a prescription drug in
Canada.
Ancient Egyptian history was recorded on documents called - papyri.
It was discovered that one of the papyri, the Ebers Papyrus dating from the year 1550 B.C., was
intended to - be a textbook of drug use for medical students.
Scholars have shown that this papyrus contains many true observations on the use of drugs,
particularly on purgatives, which are - drugs used to cause bowel movements.
One of the drugs recommended by the papyrus for bowel movement control was - senna. Products
containing senna are still available today.
The earliest recorded drug experiments are those emanating from China in the year - 2700 B.C.
It is reported that the emperor Shen Nung classified all drugs according to - taste
The drug Ma Huang was classified as a what and what was it widely used for? - "medium drug". This
drug was widely used in Chinese medicine for coughs, influenza, and fevers.
In the modern era, _______has been isolated from Ma Huang. - ephedrine
Ephedrine has been used to treat - asthma, and a derivative of ephedrine is used as a decongestant.
Curare - a plant-derived drug, was historically used by Indigenous Peoples in various regions of the
Amazon rainforest in South America.
Curare as a poison - Indigenous Peoples of the Amazon dipped their arrows in curare to use as a
poison. Curare acted upon the voluntary muscles of the animal, causing paralysis and eventually
death by respiratory paralysis.
EXAMNINATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Central nervous system (C N S): - The portion of the nervous system comprised of the brain and
spinal cord.
Humans have used drugs since before recorded history. Early written records from China and Egypt
provide a glimpse of the ancient traditions of drug use. Although a few useful drugs (e.g., opium)
were identified over )_____ years ago, the majority of clinically useful drugs have been developed
over the past ______years with the advent of the experimental biological sciences, including
pharmacology. - 2000; 250
Several key historical influences have shaped modern pharmacology. Some of these influences
include: - The many discoveries made by ancient civilizations; The role of poisons in history; The
influence of religion
Ancient Greece & pharmacology, major drugs associated: - opium & morphine
In the year 380 B.C.E, Theophrastus, a pupil of Aristotle, wrote a textbook on therapeutics that
included opium. Opium is obtained from the - Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum).
Serturner, a pharmacist working in Germany in 1803, isolated crystals of morphine from opium and -
tested the pure substance on himself and three companions, discovering its pain relieving
capabilities.
Opium was found to contain two important substances: - morphine and codeine.
Opium was found to contain approximately ____% morphine. - 10
Serturner coined the name morphine from - Morpheus, god of dreams.
Morphine is able to relieve pain of - very great intensity.
acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin®) and acetaminophen (Tylenol®), while valuable medications, will only
relieve - mild to moderate pain.
, Opium contains ___% codeine. - 0.5%
Codeine is widely used for - pain relief and is a constituent of Tylenol-3®, a prescription drug in
Canada.
Ancient Egyptian history was recorded on documents called - papyri.
It was discovered that one of the papyri, the Ebers Papyrus dating from the year 1550 B.C., was
intended to - be a textbook of drug use for medical students.
Scholars have shown that this papyrus contains many true observations on the use of drugs,
particularly on purgatives, which are - drugs used to cause bowel movements.
One of the drugs recommended by the papyrus for bowel movement control was - senna. Products
containing senna are still available today.
The earliest recorded drug experiments are those emanating from China in the year - 2700 B.C.
It is reported that the emperor Shen Nung classified all drugs according to - taste
The drug Ma Huang was classified as a what and what was it widely used for? - "medium drug". This
drug was widely used in Chinese medicine for coughs, influenza, and fevers.
In the modern era, _______has been isolated from Ma Huang. - ephedrine
Ephedrine has been used to treat - asthma, and a derivative of ephedrine is used as a decongestant.
Curare - a plant-derived drug, was historically used by Indigenous Peoples in various regions of the
Amazon rainforest in South America.
Curare as a poison - Indigenous Peoples of the Amazon dipped their arrows in curare to use as a
poison. Curare acted upon the voluntary muscles of the animal, causing paralysis and eventually
death by respiratory paralysis.
