BIOD 152 MODULE 7
1. This is the pressure that depends upon the amount of proteins in the filtrate
Answer: Colloid osmotic pressure
2. This is the pressure that depends upon a person's blood pressure from the heart and vessels
Answer: Hydrostatic pressure
3. Calculate the NFP for your patient given the following values
COP: 25
Capsular pressure: 15
Hydrostatic pressure: 50
GFR: 120: (Outgoing forces-incoming forces)HP- (COP+Capsular)
50- (25+15)
=10mmHg (net outward pressure)
4. Describe in detail how the kidney controls its own rate of blood flow through the nephron
Answer: Renal autoregulation: the kidney determines its own blood flow by controlling the
diameter of the afferent and efferent arterioles. Due to this autoregulation, the kidney can
maintain a constant GFR despite variations in the arterial blood pressure in the rest of the
body
5. Describe in detail what happens during an emergency to control the rateof blood to the
kidney
Answer: The renal autoregulatory system becomes superseded by higher level nervous system
controls. When the nervous system takes over regulation, the afferent arterioles diameter is
narrowed by sympathetic nerve fibers. The release of the hormone epinephrine by the adrenal
medulla causes a decreasein renal blood flow and decreases the GFR. Constriction of the renal
arteries is only to be used for a short period of time
6. Which of the following statements is true concerning the RAA system?
A. It responds when blood pressure becomes too high
B. Angiotensinogen is a pre-enzyme produced by the adrenal glands
C. Renin is released by the cells inside the nephron
D. Renin causes dilation of the afferent and efferent arterioles
E. Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II in the liver
Answer: C. Renin is releasedby cells inside the nephron
7. Which of the following statements is false concerning the RAA system?
A. Aldosterone causes the retention of sodium ions
B. It responds when blood pressure becomes too high
C. Angiotensin II acts to cause vasoconstriction in blood vessels
D. Renin is released by the cells inside the nephron
, E. Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Answer: B. It responds when bloodpressure becomes too high
8. The greatest amount of reabsorption occurs in the
Answer: PCT (proximal convolut-ed tubule)
9. The greatest amount of occurs in the cells of the PCT
Answer: Reabsorption
10. T/F: Na+ can leave the ascending limb but not the descending limb
Answer: True
11. Which of the following is false concerning ADH?
A. ADH is produced by the hypothalamus
B. ADH is produced in response the dehydration conditions
C. ADH retains up to 99% of the water in the filtrate
D. ADH does not respond during severe blood loss
Answer: D. ADH does not respondduring severe blood loss
12. Which of the follow is true concerning ADH?
A. It is produced by the adrenal glands
B. It is produced in response to increase water in the blood
C. It retains up to 99% of water in the filtrate
D. It is unable to respond during severe blood loss
Answer: C. It retains up to 99% ofwater in the filtrate
13. What is countercurrent flow? How does the nephron use this to maintainhomeostasis?
Answer: The movement of fluids in opposite directions through adjacent channels. In the
nephron, filtrate flows in one direction through the renal tubules while blood in the adjacent
blood vessels flows in the opposite direction.
14. Describe how aldosterone release occurs apart from the RAA system
Answer: Aldosterone can be released directly in response to high K+ levels or low Na+ ion
levels in the extracellular compartment
15. Describe the action of aldosterone on the concentrations of sodium andhydrogen in the
filtrate
Answer: Sodium is removed from the filtrate while hydrogen is pumped inside the filtrate
16. Describe the action of alcohol (diuretic) on urinary output:
Answer Alcohol inhibitsthe release of ADH
17. Which of the following is true regarding cardiovascular baroreceptors?
A. They are mechanoreceptors found in the aortic arch and carotid sinus
B. They are in the lungs and the kidneys
1. This is the pressure that depends upon the amount of proteins in the filtrate
Answer: Colloid osmotic pressure
2. This is the pressure that depends upon a person's blood pressure from the heart and vessels
Answer: Hydrostatic pressure
3. Calculate the NFP for your patient given the following values
COP: 25
Capsular pressure: 15
Hydrostatic pressure: 50
GFR: 120: (Outgoing forces-incoming forces)HP- (COP+Capsular)
50- (25+15)
=10mmHg (net outward pressure)
4. Describe in detail how the kidney controls its own rate of blood flow through the nephron
Answer: Renal autoregulation: the kidney determines its own blood flow by controlling the
diameter of the afferent and efferent arterioles. Due to this autoregulation, the kidney can
maintain a constant GFR despite variations in the arterial blood pressure in the rest of the
body
5. Describe in detail what happens during an emergency to control the rateof blood to the
kidney
Answer: The renal autoregulatory system becomes superseded by higher level nervous system
controls. When the nervous system takes over regulation, the afferent arterioles diameter is
narrowed by sympathetic nerve fibers. The release of the hormone epinephrine by the adrenal
medulla causes a decreasein renal blood flow and decreases the GFR. Constriction of the renal
arteries is only to be used for a short period of time
6. Which of the following statements is true concerning the RAA system?
A. It responds when blood pressure becomes too high
B. Angiotensinogen is a pre-enzyme produced by the adrenal glands
C. Renin is released by the cells inside the nephron
D. Renin causes dilation of the afferent and efferent arterioles
E. Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II in the liver
Answer: C. Renin is releasedby cells inside the nephron
7. Which of the following statements is false concerning the RAA system?
A. Aldosterone causes the retention of sodium ions
B. It responds when blood pressure becomes too high
C. Angiotensin II acts to cause vasoconstriction in blood vessels
D. Renin is released by the cells inside the nephron
, E. Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Answer: B. It responds when bloodpressure becomes too high
8. The greatest amount of reabsorption occurs in the
Answer: PCT (proximal convolut-ed tubule)
9. The greatest amount of occurs in the cells of the PCT
Answer: Reabsorption
10. T/F: Na+ can leave the ascending limb but not the descending limb
Answer: True
11. Which of the following is false concerning ADH?
A. ADH is produced by the hypothalamus
B. ADH is produced in response the dehydration conditions
C. ADH retains up to 99% of the water in the filtrate
D. ADH does not respond during severe blood loss
Answer: D. ADH does not respondduring severe blood loss
12. Which of the follow is true concerning ADH?
A. It is produced by the adrenal glands
B. It is produced in response to increase water in the blood
C. It retains up to 99% of water in the filtrate
D. It is unable to respond during severe blood loss
Answer: C. It retains up to 99% ofwater in the filtrate
13. What is countercurrent flow? How does the nephron use this to maintainhomeostasis?
Answer: The movement of fluids in opposite directions through adjacent channels. In the
nephron, filtrate flows in one direction through the renal tubules while blood in the adjacent
blood vessels flows in the opposite direction.
14. Describe how aldosterone release occurs apart from the RAA system
Answer: Aldosterone can be released directly in response to high K+ levels or low Na+ ion
levels in the extracellular compartment
15. Describe the action of aldosterone on the concentrations of sodium andhydrogen in the
filtrate
Answer: Sodium is removed from the filtrate while hydrogen is pumped inside the filtrate
16. Describe the action of alcohol (diuretic) on urinary output:
Answer Alcohol inhibitsthe release of ADH
17. Which of the following is true regarding cardiovascular baroreceptors?
A. They are mechanoreceptors found in the aortic arch and carotid sinus
B. They are in the lungs and the kidneys
