BIOD 152 MODULE 1 EXAM
1. which of the following statements is false about reflexes?
Answer: pulling a handaway from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely voluntary
2. what is false about the stretch reflex?
Answer: The effect of the motor signal is to relaxa muscle.
3. what is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex?
Answer:
It involves excitatory interneurons.
It involves inhibitory interneurons.
4. You touch a hot pan when cooking. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous pathway of
the reflex that occurs. Include any sensory organs involvedand the action of the reflex.
Answer: flexor withdrawal reflex:
-pain receptor in skin
-sensory (afferent) neuron through DRG
-interneurons in spinal cord
a) exitatory to biceps
b) inhibitory to biceps
-motor neurons: contract biceps, inhibit triceps
-action: elbow flexion pulls hand away from flame
5. Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the re- lease of
Acetylcholine. Patients with this disease experience flaccid paralysis,or the inability to contract
their muscles. Explain why this would occur.
Answer: the nervous system interacts with the muscular system at the neuromuscular
junction.
acetylcholine must be released from the presynaptic motor neuron into the synapseto bind onto
the muscle fiber, eventually causing a muscle contraction. without the release of
acetylcholine, there will be no interaction between the nervous system and the muscular
system and therefore no muscle contraction
6. This part of the autonomic system increases digestion.
Answer: parasympathetic
7. The neuron pictured, below, is best described as:
Answer: multipolar
8. describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters
Answer: the neuron cell body manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in the
secretory vesicles atthe end of axon terminals
, 9. an efferent neuron carries information
Answer: From the central to the peripheralnervous system
10. a presynaptic neuron would be found
Answer: before the synapse
11. what is TRUE concerning the sodium potassium pump
Answer: it must remain inconstant operation to maintain the resting state
12. which of the following statements is false concerning the neuromuscularjunction?
Answer: sodium irons release from the presynaptic motor neuron
13. How is a message sent from one neuron to another?
Answer: There is a minute fluid-filled space, called a synapse, between the axon terminal of the
sending neuronand the dendrite of the receiving neuron. When a nerve impulse reaches the
end of an axon, neurotransmitters are released into the synapse. These bind with a receptor on
the next neuron, opening Na+ gates in the receiving dendrite which causes depolarization and
the impulse is carried.
14. Where is the integration center for the reflex arc always located?
Answer: CNS
15. which of the following statements is TRUE about reflexes?
Answer: regulation ofblood sugar by hormones is one example of a reflex
16. Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous
pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action of the
reflex.
Answer: stretch reflex:
-stretch on patellar tendon
-muscle spindle detects stretch
-afferent neuron through DRG
-spinal cord
-synapses directly on a motor neuron
-no interneuron
-action: to muscle fiber to connect quadriceps (kicking foot)
17. multiple sclerosis is autoimmune disease which attacks the myelin sheathof the nerve
axon. patients with this disease may experience difficulty using the muscles of their arms and
legs. explain why this would occur.
Answer: myelin
increases nerve conduction speed and protects the nerve. if the myelin is damaged, the
conduction speed is slower than normal, and the nerve axon itself is vulnerable to permanent
1. which of the following statements is false about reflexes?
Answer: pulling a handaway from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely voluntary
2. what is false about the stretch reflex?
Answer: The effect of the motor signal is to relaxa muscle.
3. what is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex?
Answer:
It involves excitatory interneurons.
It involves inhibitory interneurons.
4. You touch a hot pan when cooking. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous pathway of
the reflex that occurs. Include any sensory organs involvedand the action of the reflex.
Answer: flexor withdrawal reflex:
-pain receptor in skin
-sensory (afferent) neuron through DRG
-interneurons in spinal cord
a) exitatory to biceps
b) inhibitory to biceps
-motor neurons: contract biceps, inhibit triceps
-action: elbow flexion pulls hand away from flame
5. Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the re- lease of
Acetylcholine. Patients with this disease experience flaccid paralysis,or the inability to contract
their muscles. Explain why this would occur.
Answer: the nervous system interacts with the muscular system at the neuromuscular
junction.
acetylcholine must be released from the presynaptic motor neuron into the synapseto bind onto
the muscle fiber, eventually causing a muscle contraction. without the release of
acetylcholine, there will be no interaction between the nervous system and the muscular
system and therefore no muscle contraction
6. This part of the autonomic system increases digestion.
Answer: parasympathetic
7. The neuron pictured, below, is best described as:
Answer: multipolar
8. describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters
Answer: the neuron cell body manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in the
secretory vesicles atthe end of axon terminals
, 9. an efferent neuron carries information
Answer: From the central to the peripheralnervous system
10. a presynaptic neuron would be found
Answer: before the synapse
11. what is TRUE concerning the sodium potassium pump
Answer: it must remain inconstant operation to maintain the resting state
12. which of the following statements is false concerning the neuromuscularjunction?
Answer: sodium irons release from the presynaptic motor neuron
13. How is a message sent from one neuron to another?
Answer: There is a minute fluid-filled space, called a synapse, between the axon terminal of the
sending neuronand the dendrite of the receiving neuron. When a nerve impulse reaches the
end of an axon, neurotransmitters are released into the synapse. These bind with a receptor on
the next neuron, opening Na+ gates in the receiving dendrite which causes depolarization and
the impulse is carried.
14. Where is the integration center for the reflex arc always located?
Answer: CNS
15. which of the following statements is TRUE about reflexes?
Answer: regulation ofblood sugar by hormones is one example of a reflex
16. Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous
pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action of the
reflex.
Answer: stretch reflex:
-stretch on patellar tendon
-muscle spindle detects stretch
-afferent neuron through DRG
-spinal cord
-synapses directly on a motor neuron
-no interneuron
-action: to muscle fiber to connect quadriceps (kicking foot)
17. multiple sclerosis is autoimmune disease which attacks the myelin sheathof the nerve
axon. patients with this disease may experience difficulty using the muscles of their arms and
legs. explain why this would occur.
Answer: myelin
increases nerve conduction speed and protects the nerve. if the myelin is damaged, the
conduction speed is slower than normal, and the nerve axon itself is vulnerable to permanent
