BIOD 152 FINAL EXAM
• Where is the integration center of a reflex located?
Answer: CNS (central nervoussystem)
• Which of the following is false about reflexes?
A. Reflexes do not require higher levels of voluntary processing from the brain
B. Regulation of blood sugar by hormones is one example of a reflex
C. Some reflexes can be tested to determine injury
D. Pulling a hand away from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely voluntary
Answer: D.Pulling a hand away from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely voluntary
• What is false about the stretch reflex?
A. the effect of the motor signal is to relax a muscle
B. The patellar reflex test the stretch reflex of the quadriceps femoris
C. The muscle is spindle detects stretch within the muscle
D. Stretch reflexes help to decrease the stretch on a muscle
Answer: A.The effect of themotor signal is to relax a muscle
• What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex?
A. It does not involve interneurons
B. It involves excitatory interneurons
C. It involves inhibitory interneurons
D. The effect of the reflex is to create a co-contraction of two muscles
E. A&D
F. B& C
Answer: F. B&C
• Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous
pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action of the
reflex.
Answer: Stretch reflex: Stretch on patellar tendon (tapping patellar tendon), muscle spindle
detects stretch, afferent (sensory) neuronthrough the DRG, spinal cord, synapses directly on a
motor neuron (efferent)
*No interneuron*
action: to muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot)
• Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease which attacks the myelin sheath of the nerve
axon. Patients with this disease may experience difficultyusing the muscles of their arms and
legs. Explain why this would occur.
Answer: Myelinincrease nerve conduction speed and protects the nerve. If the myelin is
damaged,the conduction speed would be slower than normal, and the nerve axon itself wouldbe
vulnerable to permanent damage without the myelin present for protection
,• This layer of the meninges is tightly attached to the brain.
Answer: Pia mater (menix)
• The fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
Answer: -Median longitudinal
• Describe the function of the brain ventricles.
Answer: There are four ventricles in theinterior of the brain, chambers filled with CSF which is
produced there. Once formed the CSF circulates through the ventricles and into the
subarachnoid space bathingand floating the brain
• All the following are functions of the hypothalamus except:
A. maintain homeostasis
B. controls the pituitary gland
C. links the nervous and endocrine systems
D. relays sensory impulses to the cerebrum
Answer: D. Relays sensory impulses to thecerebrum
• This ventricle is located anterior to the cerebellum.
A. lateral
B. Medial
C. Third
D. Fourth
Answer: D. Fourth
• This region of the brain acts to coordinate multiple sources of sensoryinformation.
A. Primary sensory cortex
B. Primary motor cortex
C. Association area
D. Precentral gyrus
E. Postcentral gyrus
Answer: C. Association area
• A patient is having difficulty producing speech sounds, but other motormovements are
normal. Which area of the brain is most likely damaged?
A. Broca's area
B. Wernicke's area
C. Occipital lobe
D. Parietal lobe
E. Primary motor cortex
Answer: A. Broca's area
• Describe how memories are stored and retrieved in the brain. Include a specific brain
, region.
Answer: Memories are not stored in one specific area within the brainbut instead are stored
throughout the cerebral hemispheres. The hippocampus actsas a memory center to help with
memory storage and retrieval. The involvement ofthe limbic system explains why
emotionally charged events result in our most vividmemories
• Which statement is false concerning the brainstem?
A. The midbrain portion of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord
B. The pons helps to regulate breathing
C. The midbrain contains the superior and inferior colliculi
D. The medulla contains reflex centers to regulate vasoconstriction
Answer: A. Themidbrain portion of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord
• Which of the following is false concerning the cerebellum?
A. The gray matter is external while the mater is internal
B. The cerebellar peduncles are located posteriorly
C.The anterior lobe receives information from the body trunk
D. The vermis coordinates arm movements
Answer: B. The cerebellar peduncles arelocated posteriorly
• Alzheimer's disease impacts which region(s) of the brain?
A. occipital lobe
B. Frontal lobe
C. Parietal lobe
D. Hippocampus
E. All of the above
Answer: E. all of the above
• Which of the following is false concerning a CVA?
A. An ischemic stroke is also know as a "brain bleed"
B. A TIA is form of an ischemic stroke
C. Stroke survivors may regain some lost functions through therapy
D. A hemorrhagic stroke is due to a broken blood vessel
Answer: A. An ischemic strokeis also known as a "brain bleed"
• A patient has decreased hand strength in her right hand. She also hasnumbness in her first
three digits. What is most likely the cause?
A. Spinal cord injury
B. Carpal tunnel syndrome
C. Ulnar nerve damage
D. CVA in the parietal lobe
Answer: B. Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Where is the integration center of a reflex located?
Answer: CNS (central nervoussystem)
• Which of the following is false about reflexes?
A. Reflexes do not require higher levels of voluntary processing from the brain
B. Regulation of blood sugar by hormones is one example of a reflex
C. Some reflexes can be tested to determine injury
D. Pulling a hand away from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely voluntary
Answer: D.Pulling a hand away from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely voluntary
• What is false about the stretch reflex?
A. the effect of the motor signal is to relax a muscle
B. The patellar reflex test the stretch reflex of the quadriceps femoris
C. The muscle is spindle detects stretch within the muscle
D. Stretch reflexes help to decrease the stretch on a muscle
Answer: A.The effect of themotor signal is to relax a muscle
• What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex?
A. It does not involve interneurons
B. It involves excitatory interneurons
C. It involves inhibitory interneurons
D. The effect of the reflex is to create a co-contraction of two muscles
E. A&D
F. B& C
Answer: F. B&C
• Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous
pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action of the
reflex.
Answer: Stretch reflex: Stretch on patellar tendon (tapping patellar tendon), muscle spindle
detects stretch, afferent (sensory) neuronthrough the DRG, spinal cord, synapses directly on a
motor neuron (efferent)
*No interneuron*
action: to muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot)
• Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease which attacks the myelin sheath of the nerve
axon. Patients with this disease may experience difficultyusing the muscles of their arms and
legs. Explain why this would occur.
Answer: Myelinincrease nerve conduction speed and protects the nerve. If the myelin is
damaged,the conduction speed would be slower than normal, and the nerve axon itself wouldbe
vulnerable to permanent damage without the myelin present for protection
,• This layer of the meninges is tightly attached to the brain.
Answer: Pia mater (menix)
• The fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
Answer: -Median longitudinal
• Describe the function of the brain ventricles.
Answer: There are four ventricles in theinterior of the brain, chambers filled with CSF which is
produced there. Once formed the CSF circulates through the ventricles and into the
subarachnoid space bathingand floating the brain
• All the following are functions of the hypothalamus except:
A. maintain homeostasis
B. controls the pituitary gland
C. links the nervous and endocrine systems
D. relays sensory impulses to the cerebrum
Answer: D. Relays sensory impulses to thecerebrum
• This ventricle is located anterior to the cerebellum.
A. lateral
B. Medial
C. Third
D. Fourth
Answer: D. Fourth
• This region of the brain acts to coordinate multiple sources of sensoryinformation.
A. Primary sensory cortex
B. Primary motor cortex
C. Association area
D. Precentral gyrus
E. Postcentral gyrus
Answer: C. Association area
• A patient is having difficulty producing speech sounds, but other motormovements are
normal. Which area of the brain is most likely damaged?
A. Broca's area
B. Wernicke's area
C. Occipital lobe
D. Parietal lobe
E. Primary motor cortex
Answer: A. Broca's area
• Describe how memories are stored and retrieved in the brain. Include a specific brain
, region.
Answer: Memories are not stored in one specific area within the brainbut instead are stored
throughout the cerebral hemispheres. The hippocampus actsas a memory center to help with
memory storage and retrieval. The involvement ofthe limbic system explains why
emotionally charged events result in our most vividmemories
• Which statement is false concerning the brainstem?
A. The midbrain portion of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord
B. The pons helps to regulate breathing
C. The midbrain contains the superior and inferior colliculi
D. The medulla contains reflex centers to regulate vasoconstriction
Answer: A. Themidbrain portion of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord
• Which of the following is false concerning the cerebellum?
A. The gray matter is external while the mater is internal
B. The cerebellar peduncles are located posteriorly
C.The anterior lobe receives information from the body trunk
D. The vermis coordinates arm movements
Answer: B. The cerebellar peduncles arelocated posteriorly
• Alzheimer's disease impacts which region(s) of the brain?
A. occipital lobe
B. Frontal lobe
C. Parietal lobe
D. Hippocampus
E. All of the above
Answer: E. all of the above
• Which of the following is false concerning a CVA?
A. An ischemic stroke is also know as a "brain bleed"
B. A TIA is form of an ischemic stroke
C. Stroke survivors may regain some lost functions through therapy
D. A hemorrhagic stroke is due to a broken blood vessel
Answer: A. An ischemic strokeis also known as a "brain bleed"
• A patient has decreased hand strength in her right hand. She also hasnumbness in her first
three digits. What is most likely the cause?
A. Spinal cord injury
B. Carpal tunnel syndrome
C. Ulnar nerve damage
D. CVA in the parietal lobe
Answer: B. Carpal tunnel syndrome
