BIOD 152 EXAM 1
1. List 3 unusual characteristics of neurons.
Answer: Neurons do not undergo mitosis(cell division), require enormous amounts of fuel
being able to survive just minuteswithout oxygen and can last an entire human lifetime
2. List the 3 parts that all neurons contain
Answer: dendrites, cell body, axon
3. Describe the structure and function of the neuron cell body.
Answer: Synthesizes allnerve cell products, consists of large nucleus with surrounding
cytoplasm containingthe normal organelles
4. Describe the structure and function of the dendrite
Answer: numerous short extensions that emanate from the cell body which receive information
from other neuronsconducting nerve impulses toward the cell body
5. Describe the axon, including the number in each neuron, function, structure and
organelles.
Answer: conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body to its axonterminals where it is
emitted across a synapse to the dendrite of another neuron. Axons are composed of cells like
the cell body but lack rough ER.
6. Describe the function and site of synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters.
Answer: chemicals stored in secretory vesicles at the end of axon terminals. When
neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal vesicles, they carry the trans-mission of
the nerve impulse from one neuron to another
7. What is a synapse?
Answer: A gap between neurons
8. A post-synaptic neuron is a neuron that is found the synapse
Answer: After
9. neurons have three or more extensions from the cell body and haveone axon and
many dendrites
Answer: Multipolar
10. neurons have a central cell body with two extensions
Answer: Bipolar
11. neurons have one extension off the cell body which branches intotwo: one
central process running to the CNS and another peripheral processrunning to the sensory
receptor
Answer: Unipolar
, 12. neurons are unipolar and function to carry information from theperipheral to
the central nervous system
Answer: Sensory
13. These types of neurons are also called association neurons
Answer: Interneurons
14. neurons send messages from the central nervous system to theperipheral
Answer: Motor
15. What is the function of neuroglial cells?
Answer: support cells, helping to supportneurons to enable them to thrive in their needed
environment
16. What are the peripheral nervous system neuroglial cell types?
Answer: Schwanncells and satellite cells
17. True or False: Axons cannot regenerate in the peripheral nervous system.-
Answer: False
18. True or False: Myelin sheath is continuous and has no gaps.
Answer: False
19. List the four types of support neuroglial cells in the central system and a function of each.
Answer: Ependymal cells: circulate cerebrospinal fluid and allow fluidexchange between
brain, spinal cord, and CSF
Oligodendrocytes: act as insulation for CNS axons
Astrocytes: control chemical environment of neurons by wrapping around the bloodcapillaries,
1. List 3 unusual characteristics of neurons.
Answer: Neurons do not undergo mitosis(cell division), require enormous amounts of fuel
being able to survive just minuteswithout oxygen and can last an entire human lifetime
2. List the 3 parts that all neurons contain
Answer: dendrites, cell body, axon
3. Describe the structure and function of the neuron cell body.
Answer: Synthesizes allnerve cell products, consists of large nucleus with surrounding
cytoplasm containingthe normal organelles
4. Describe the structure and function of the dendrite
Answer: numerous short extensions that emanate from the cell body which receive information
from other neuronsconducting nerve impulses toward the cell body
5. Describe the axon, including the number in each neuron, function, structure and
organelles.
Answer: conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body to its axonterminals where it is
emitted across a synapse to the dendrite of another neuron. Axons are composed of cells like
the cell body but lack rough ER.
6. Describe the function and site of synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters.
Answer: chemicals stored in secretory vesicles at the end of axon terminals. When
neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal vesicles, they carry the trans-mission of
the nerve impulse from one neuron to another
7. What is a synapse?
Answer: A gap between neurons
8. A post-synaptic neuron is a neuron that is found the synapse
Answer: After
9. neurons have three or more extensions from the cell body and haveone axon and
many dendrites
Answer: Multipolar
10. neurons have a central cell body with two extensions
Answer: Bipolar
11. neurons have one extension off the cell body which branches intotwo: one
central process running to the CNS and another peripheral processrunning to the sensory
receptor
Answer: Unipolar
, 12. neurons are unipolar and function to carry information from theperipheral to
the central nervous system
Answer: Sensory
13. These types of neurons are also called association neurons
Answer: Interneurons
14. neurons send messages from the central nervous system to theperipheral
Answer: Motor
15. What is the function of neuroglial cells?
Answer: support cells, helping to supportneurons to enable them to thrive in their needed
environment
16. What are the peripheral nervous system neuroglial cell types?
Answer: Schwanncells and satellite cells
17. True or False: Axons cannot regenerate in the peripheral nervous system.-
Answer: False
18. True or False: Myelin sheath is continuous and has no gaps.
Answer: False
19. List the four types of support neuroglial cells in the central system and a function of each.
Answer: Ependymal cells: circulate cerebrospinal fluid and allow fluidexchange between
brain, spinal cord, and CSF
Oligodendrocytes: act as insulation for CNS axons
Astrocytes: control chemical environment of neurons by wrapping around the bloodcapillaries,
