CNIM - ABRET PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS .
Cavities inside the skull ANS -Anterior/middle/posterior fossa
Cranial bones ANS -Frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid (unpaired). Parietal & temporal (paired).
Mental protuberance ANS -chin bone
MCA supply of the cerebral cortex ANS -Hand + face/mouth/auditory
Cranial nerves ANS --12 pairs (Mixed fibers: sensory/motor/both).
-Emerge @ irregular intervals from the brain.
-Nuclei displacement:
Motor = medial Sensory = lateral
Meckle's Cave ANS -Depression in the medial middle fossa where CN V ganglion sits
Low frequency sounds ANS -@ apex of cochlea
Area of spine w/ small pedicles, long spinous process, large inter-vertebral foramen ANS -Thoracic
Neuroforamen ANS -Opening w/in the spinal canal for nerve roots to enter the SC
Firm outer layer of the disc ANS -Annulus fibrosis
Syrinx ANS -Fluid-filled cavity @ center of the SC
Spinal cord ends @ the level btwn: ANS -L1-L2 vertebrae (Conus Medullaris)
,Blood supply to the SC consists of: ANS -1 ASA for both MEP tracts
Hydrostatic pressure ANS -Depends on body position
Structural functional anatomy may be altered by: ANS -Previous lesions, current, plasticity, pressure
Glia cell ANS -Comes from the Greek word "glue"
Large diameter nerve fiber (vs. small diameter) ANS --Recruited 1st w/ INC'd stim intensity
-Higher conduction velocity
-More vulnerable to hypoxia & pressure Δ's
Synaptic transmission, and/or Δ's in thalamocortical projections, produce ANS -Cortical potentials
Peripheral nerve sensitivity ANS -Least sensitive to injury (more sensitive = SC grey/white mater, cortical
grey matter)
Cavernous angiomas ANS -Multi-lobulated lesions containing hemorrhage
Geriatric population: prevalence of temporal bone hyperostosis ANS -10-15%
Presbycusis ANS -High freq hearing loss; gradually occurs in older individuals
Most commonly injured CN ANS -Facial nerve (VII)
Burst fracture ANS --Break in the vertebra
-Failure of anterior & middle vertebral columns
-Caused by violent compressive event (fall, MVA)
, Excessive neck flexion in sitting position ANS -Quadraparesis (due to ischemia in upper T-spine)
Lhermittes Sign ANS -Shocking sensation that occurs throughout the body during neck flexion
Central Cord Syndrome (CCS) ANS --Sacral sparing
-Loss of sensory/motor fx @ level of injury
-Disruption of grey matter
(+) Babinski Sign could indicate ANS --severe [UMN] SC trauma
-abnml PTN SSEPs
Hoffman's Reflex (1918) ANS -Palmar flexion of the thumb when the distal phalanx of the middle finger
(of the same hand) is rapidly stroked
A nml curve of the lumbar spine taking place @ 1-2 y/o ANS -Kyphosis
Scoliosis progression in peds ANS -More likely in girls > boys
Apraxia ANS -Difficulty w/ skilled mvmnts
Neurapraxia ANS -PNS disorder: blockage of sensory + motor nerve conduction (w/o axonal damage)
INC venous pressure leads to ANS --venous congestion; DEC drainage of nml veins; chronic hypoxia
-NOT hypotension
common source of air embolism introduction into the blood supply ANS -Superior sagittal sinus
MAC is approximated by the effect of anesthesia on ANS -H-reflex (mvmnt when stimulated)
AND ANSWERS .
Cavities inside the skull ANS -Anterior/middle/posterior fossa
Cranial bones ANS -Frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid (unpaired). Parietal & temporal (paired).
Mental protuberance ANS -chin bone
MCA supply of the cerebral cortex ANS -Hand + face/mouth/auditory
Cranial nerves ANS --12 pairs (Mixed fibers: sensory/motor/both).
-Emerge @ irregular intervals from the brain.
-Nuclei displacement:
Motor = medial Sensory = lateral
Meckle's Cave ANS -Depression in the medial middle fossa where CN V ganglion sits
Low frequency sounds ANS -@ apex of cochlea
Area of spine w/ small pedicles, long spinous process, large inter-vertebral foramen ANS -Thoracic
Neuroforamen ANS -Opening w/in the spinal canal for nerve roots to enter the SC
Firm outer layer of the disc ANS -Annulus fibrosis
Syrinx ANS -Fluid-filled cavity @ center of the SC
Spinal cord ends @ the level btwn: ANS -L1-L2 vertebrae (Conus Medullaris)
,Blood supply to the SC consists of: ANS -1 ASA for both MEP tracts
Hydrostatic pressure ANS -Depends on body position
Structural functional anatomy may be altered by: ANS -Previous lesions, current, plasticity, pressure
Glia cell ANS -Comes from the Greek word "glue"
Large diameter nerve fiber (vs. small diameter) ANS --Recruited 1st w/ INC'd stim intensity
-Higher conduction velocity
-More vulnerable to hypoxia & pressure Δ's
Synaptic transmission, and/or Δ's in thalamocortical projections, produce ANS -Cortical potentials
Peripheral nerve sensitivity ANS -Least sensitive to injury (more sensitive = SC grey/white mater, cortical
grey matter)
Cavernous angiomas ANS -Multi-lobulated lesions containing hemorrhage
Geriatric population: prevalence of temporal bone hyperostosis ANS -10-15%
Presbycusis ANS -High freq hearing loss; gradually occurs in older individuals
Most commonly injured CN ANS -Facial nerve (VII)
Burst fracture ANS --Break in the vertebra
-Failure of anterior & middle vertebral columns
-Caused by violent compressive event (fall, MVA)
, Excessive neck flexion in sitting position ANS -Quadraparesis (due to ischemia in upper T-spine)
Lhermittes Sign ANS -Shocking sensation that occurs throughout the body during neck flexion
Central Cord Syndrome (CCS) ANS --Sacral sparing
-Loss of sensory/motor fx @ level of injury
-Disruption of grey matter
(+) Babinski Sign could indicate ANS --severe [UMN] SC trauma
-abnml PTN SSEPs
Hoffman's Reflex (1918) ANS -Palmar flexion of the thumb when the distal phalanx of the middle finger
(of the same hand) is rapidly stroked
A nml curve of the lumbar spine taking place @ 1-2 y/o ANS -Kyphosis
Scoliosis progression in peds ANS -More likely in girls > boys
Apraxia ANS -Difficulty w/ skilled mvmnts
Neurapraxia ANS -PNS disorder: blockage of sensory + motor nerve conduction (w/o axonal damage)
INC venous pressure leads to ANS --venous congestion; DEC drainage of nml veins; chronic hypoxia
-NOT hypotension
common source of air embolism introduction into the blood supply ANS -Superior sagittal sinus
MAC is approximated by the effect of anesthesia on ANS -H-reflex (mvmnt when stimulated)
