Information Technology Project Management 8th - All Chapters Review Questions with Verified Answers 100% Pass

Information Technology Project Management 8th - All Chapters Review Questions with Verified Answers 100% Pass expectations management matrix - Answers A tool that helps clarify expectations and lists project measures of success as well as priorities, expectations, and guidelines related to each measure issue log - Answers A tool used to document, monitor, and track issues that need resolution power/interest grid - Answers A tool used to group stakeholders based on their level of authority (power) and their level of concern (interest) for project outcomes stakeholder analysis - Answers A technique for analyzing information to determine which stakeholders' interests to focus on and how to increase stakeholder support throughout the project stakeholder register - Answers A document that includes details about identified project stakeholders 5 whys - Answers A technique in which you repeatedly ask the question "Why?" to help peel away the layers of symptoms that can lead to the root cause of a problem acceptance decisions - Answers Decisions that determine if the products or services produced as part of the project will be accepted or rejected appraisal cost - Answers The cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range benchmarking - Answers A technique used to generate ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) - Answers A process improvement approach that provides organizations with the essential elements of effective processes cause-and-effect diagram - Answers A diagram that traces complaints about quality problems back to the responsible production operations to help find the root cause; also known as a fishbone diagram or Ishikawa diagram checksheet - Answers A technique used to collect and analyze data; sometimes called a tally sheet or checklist conformance - Answers Delivering products that meet requirements and fitness for use conformance to requirements - Answers Project processes and products that meet written specifications control chart - Answers A graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time cost of nonconformance - Answers Taking responsibility for failures or not meeting quality expectations cost of quality - Answers The cost of conformance plus the cost of nonconformance defect - Answers Any instance in which the product or service fails to meet customer requirements design of experiments - Answers A quality technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) - Answers A systematic, closed-loop process for continued improvement that is scientific and fact based external failure cost - Answers A cost related to all errors that are not detected and corrected before delivery to the customer features - Answers The special characteristics that appeal to users fishbone diagram - Answers A diagram that traces complaints about quality problems back to the responsible production operations to help find the root cause; also known as a cause-and-effect diagram or Ishikawa diagram fitness for use - Answers A product that can be used as it was intended flowchart - Answers A graphic display of the logic and flow of processes that helps you analyze how problems occur and how processes can be improved functionality - Answers The degree to which a system performs its intended function histogram - Answers A bar graph of a distribution of variables integration testing - Answers Testing that occurs between unit and system testing to test functionally grouped components and ensure that a subset or subsets of the entire system work together internal failure cost - Answers A cost incurred to correct an identified defect before the customer receives the product Ishikawa diagram - Answers A diagram that traces complaints about quality problems back to the responsible production operations to help find the root cause; also known as a cause-and-effect diagram or fishbone diagram ISO 9000 - Answers A quality system standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that includes a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization kaizen - Answers The Japanese word for improvement or change for the better; an approach used for continuously improving quality in organizations lean - Answers An approach for improving quality that involves evaluating processes to maximize customer value while minimizing waste maintainability - Answers The ease of performing maintenance on a product Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award - Answers An award started in 1987 to recognize companies that have achieved a level of world-class competition through quality management maturity model - Answers A framework for helping organizations improve their processes and systems mean - Answers The average value of a population measurement and test equipment costs - Answers The capital cost of equipment used to perform prevention and appraisal activities metric - Answers A standard of measurement normal distribution - Answers A bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical about the mean of the population Pareto analysis - Answers Identifying the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system Pareto chart - Answers A histogram that helps identify and prioritize problem areas performance - Answers How well a product or service performs the customer's intended use prevention cost - Answers The cost of planning and executing a project so that it is error-free or within an acceptable error range process adjustments - Answers Adjustments made to correct or prevent further quality problems based on quality control measurements project quality management - Answers Ensuring that a project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken quality - Answers The totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs or the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements quality assurance - Answers Periodic evaluation of overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards quality audit - Answers A structured review of specific quality management activities that helps identify lessons learned and that can improve performance on current or future projects quality circles - Answers Groups of nonsupervisors and work leaders in a single company department who volunteer to conduct group studies on how to improve the effectiveness of work in their department quality control - Answers Monitoring specific project results to ensure that they comply with the relevant quality standards and identifying ways to improve overall quality reliability - Answers The ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions rework - Answers Action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements, specifications, or other stakeholder expectations Robust Design methods - Answers Methods that focus on eliminating defects by substituting scientific inquiry for trial-and-error methods run chart - Answers A chart that displays the history and pattern of variation of a process over time scatter diagram - Answers A diagram that helps to show if there is a relationship between two variables; sometimes called XY charts seven run rule - Answers If seven data points in a row on a quality control chart are all below the mean, above the mean, or are all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined for nonrandom problems six 9s of quality - Answers A measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities Six Sigma - Answers A comprehensive and flexible system for achieving, sustaining, and maximizing business success that is uniquely driven by close understanding of customer needs, disciplined use of facts, data, and statistical analysis, and diligent attention to managing, improving, and reinventing business processes software defect - Answers Anything that must be changed before delivery of the program Software Quality Function Deployment (SQFD) model - Answers A maturity model that focuses on defining user requirements and planning software projects