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Volledig uitgebreide samenvatting orgaanpatho

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Heel uitgebreide samenvatting inclusief afbeeldingen voor het vak Orgaanpathologie in 1e master, in de 1e zit goed gehaald. Een review achterlaten is lief :)

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Orgaanpathologie




DGK UGent

1-1-2024

,INHOUDSOPGAVE

Ademhalingsstelsel ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Neusholte en sinussen ........................................................................................................................................ 9
Neusvloei en rhinitis........................................................................................................................................ 9
Farynx, larynx, trachea ...................................................................................................................................... 12
BAOS.............................................................................................................................................................. 12
Tracheïtis ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Long ................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Congenitaal ................................................................................................................................................... 13
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ............................................................................................................................. 14
Circulatiestoornissen ..................................................................................................................................... 16
Inflammatie ................................................................................................................................................... 18
Borstholte.......................................................................................................................................................... 23
Pneumothorax............................................................................................................................................... 23
Hydrothorax .................................................................................................................................................. 23
Chylothorax ................................................................................................................................................... 23
Haemothorax ................................................................................................................................................ 23
Pyothorax ...................................................................................................................................................... 24
Pyogranulomateuze pleuritis ........................................................................................................................ 24
Fibrineuze pleuritis ........................................................................................................................................ 24
Adhesieve pleuritis ........................................................................................................................................ 24
Spijsverteringsstelsel ............................................................................................................................................. 25
Mondholte ........................................................................................................................................................ 25
Congenitaal ................................................................................................................................................... 25
Inflammatie ................................................................................................................................................... 25
Tanden en periodontium .................................................................................................................................. 27
Congenitaal ................................................................................................................................................... 27
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ............................................................................................................................. 27
Inflammatie ................................................................................................................................................... 28
Slokdarm ........................................................................................................................................................... 29
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ............................................................................................................................. 29
Inflammastie: oesophagitis ........................................................................................................................... 29
Speekselklieren ................................................................................................................................................. 30
Maag ................................................................................................................................................................. 30
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ............................................................................................................................. 30
Inflammatie: gastritis .................................................................................................................................... 32


Pagina 2 van 164

, Darmen.............................................................................................................................................................. 33
Reactie op schade ......................................................................................................................................... 33
Congenitaal ................................................................................................................................................... 34
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ............................................................................................................................. 35
Inflammatie ................................................................................................................................................... 37
Peritoneum, omentum en mesenterium .......................................................................................................... 40
Congenitaal ................................................................................................................................................... 40
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ............................................................................................................................. 40
Circulatiestoornissen ..................................................................................................................................... 41
Inflammatie: peritonitis ................................................................................................................................ 41
Fibroserend ................................................................................................................................................... 42
Abdominale abcessen ................................................................................................................................... 42
Seroma .......................................................................................................................................................... 42
Pseudocysten ................................................................................................................................................ 42
Lever en pancreas ................................................................................................................................................. 43
Lever .................................................................................................................................................................. 43
Congenitaal ................................................................................................................................................... 43
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ............................................................................................................................. 44
Circulatiestoornissen ..................................................................................................................................... 48
Inflammatie ................................................................................................................................................... 49
Pancreas ............................................................................................................................................................ 50
Ectopisch pancreasweefsel en pancreasstenen ............................................................................................ 50
Nodulaire hyperplasie ................................................................................................................................... 50
Pancreasatrofie ............................................................................................................................................. 50
Exocriene pancreasinsufficiëntie .................................................................................................................. 50
Acute pancreasnecrose (pancreatitis)........................................................................................................... 51
Acute pancreatitis ......................................................................................................................................... 51
Chronische pancreatitis................................................................................................................................. 51
Urinair stelsel ........................................................................................................................................................ 52
Nier .................................................................................................................................................................... 52
Congenitaal ................................................................................................................................................... 52
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ............................................................................................................................. 53
Circulatiestoornissen ..................................................................................................................................... 57
Inflammatie ................................................................................................................................................... 58
Urinewegen ....................................................................................................................................................... 61
Congenitaal ................................................................................................................................................... 61
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ............................................................................................................................. 61

Pagina 3 van 164

, Inflammatie = cystitis .................................................................................................................................... 63
Vrouwelijk geslachtsstelsel ................................................................................................................................... 64
Geslachtsdifferentiatie ...................................................................................................................................... 64
Ovaria ................................................................................................................................................................ 64
Congenitaal ................................................................................................................................................... 64
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ............................................................................................................................. 64
Circulatie: ovariële bloeding ......................................................................................................................... 66
Inflammatie: oöphoritis ................................................................................................................................ 66
Eileiders ............................................................................................................................................................. 66
Hydrosalpinx ................................................................................................................................................. 66
Salpingitis ...................................................................................................................................................... 66
Uterus ................................................................................................................................................................ 67
Circulatie: Endometriumbloeding ................................................................................................................. 67
Congenitaal ................................................................................................................................................... 67
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ............................................................................................................................. 67
Inflammatie ................................................................................................................................................... 69
Foetus en vruchtvliezen .................................................................................................................................... 70
Mummificatie ................................................................................................................................................ 70
Maceratie ...................................................................................................................................................... 70
Emfysemateuze vrucht.................................................................................................................................. 70
Amorphus globosus....................................................................................................................................... 70
Hydroallantoïs ............................................................................................................................................... 70
Hydroamnion ................................................................................................................................................ 70
Adventitial placentation ................................................................................................................................ 70
Amnionplaque ............................................................................................................................................... 71
Placenta mineralisatie ................................................................................................................................... 71
Hippomanes .................................................................................................................................................. 71
Dooierzakrestant ........................................................................................................................................... 71
Abortus .......................................................................................................................................................... 71
Vagina en vulva ................................................................................................................................................. 72
Hymen persistens .......................................................................................................................................... 72
Cloaca en fistulatie ........................................................................................................................................ 72
Vaginaruptuur ............................................................................................................................................... 72
Vaginitis ......................................................................................................................................................... 72
Melkklier ........................................................................................................................................................... 72
Mannelijk geslachtsstelsel .................................................................................................................................... 73
Testis en epididymis .......................................................................................................................................... 73

Pagina 4 van 164

, Congenitaal ................................................................................................................................................... 73
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ............................................................................................................................. 73
Circulatie: testistorsie ................................................................................................................................... 73
Inflammatie ................................................................................................................................................... 74
Accessoire geslachtsklieren ............................................................................................................................... 75
Prostaatcyste................................................................................................................................................. 75
Paraprostaatcyste ......................................................................................................................................... 75
Prostaathyperplasie ...................................................................................................................................... 75
Prostatitis ...................................................................................................................................................... 75
Penis en preputium ........................................................................................................................................... 76
Persisterend frenulum .................................................................................................................................. 76
Phimosis ........................................................................................................................................................ 76
Paraphimosis ................................................................................................................................................. 76
Hypospadias .................................................................................................................................................. 76
Penisprolaps .................................................................................................................................................. 76
Balanoposthitis.............................................................................................................................................. 76
Circulatiestelsel ..................................................................................................................................................... 77
Hart ................................................................................................................................................................... 77
Algemeen ...................................................................................................................................................... 77
Congenitaal ................................................................................................................................................... 78
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ............................................................................................................................. 81
Inflammatie ................................................................................................................................................... 85
Examenvraag: Wat is te zien op onderstaande foto’s................................................................................... 87
Bloed en lymfevaten ......................................................................................................................................... 88
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ............................................................................................................................. 88
Inflammatiestoornissen ................................................................................................................................ 91
Integument............................................................................................................................................................ 94
Congenitaal ....................................................................................................................................................... 94
Ichtyose ......................................................................................................................................................... 94
Epidermolysis bullosae .................................................................................................................................. 94
Epitheliogenesis imperfecta .......................................................................................................................... 94
Hypotrichose ................................................................................................................................................. 94
Collageendysplasie ........................................................................................................................................ 95
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ................................................................................................................................. 95
Macroscopische reactie van de huid op schade ........................................................................................... 95
Microscopische reactie van de huid op schade .......................................................................................... 100
Mechanische huidbeschadiging .................................................................................................................. 105

Pagina 5 van 164

, Thermische huidbeschadiging ..................................................................................................................... 106
Actinische huidbeschadiging ....................................................................................................................... 108
Inflammatie en degeneratie ............................................................................................................................ 109
Patroonanalyse ........................................................................................................................................... 109
Hematopoëtisch stelsel ....................................................................................................................................... 117
Beenmerg en bloedcellen ............................................................................................................................... 117
Congenitaal ................................................................................................................................................. 117
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ........................................................................................................................... 118
Thymus ............................................................................................................................................................ 120
Thymusatrofie ............................................................................................................................................. 120
Thymusbloedingen ...................................................................................................................................... 120
Lymfeknopen................................................................................................................................................... 120
Lymfoïde hyperplasie .................................................................................................................................. 120
Lymfadenitis vs lymfadenopathie vs lymfadenose ..................................................................................... 120
Sinus erythrocytose..................................................................................................................................... 121
Pigmentatie ................................................................................................................................................. 121
Acute lymfadenitis ...................................................................................................................................... 121
Chronische lymfadenitis .............................................................................................................................. 121
Milt .................................................................................................................................................................. 122
Ectopisch miltweefsel ................................................................................................................................. 122
Ontdubbelde milt ........................................................................................................................................ 122
Siderofibrotische plaque ............................................................................................................................. 122
Splenitis ....................................................................................................................................................... 122
Splenomegalie ............................................................................................................................................. 123
Bewegingsstelsel ................................................................................................................................................. 125
Beenderen ....................................................................................................................................................... 125
Congenitaal ................................................................................................................................................. 125
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ........................................................................................................................... 129
Inflammatie ................................................................................................................................................. 133
Gewrichten ...................................................................................................................................................... 134
Reactie op schade ....................................................................................................................................... 134
Congenitaal ................................................................................................................................................. 135
Stofwisselingsstoornissen: degeneratieve gewrichtsaandoeningen........................................................... 136
Inflammatie ................................................................................................................................................. 138
Spier ................................................................................................................................................................ 139
Congenitaal ................................................................................................................................................. 139
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ........................................................................................................................... 140

Pagina 6 van 164

, Circulatiestoornissen ................................................................................................................................... 143
Inflammatie: myositis .................................................................................................................................. 144
Pezen, peesschedes en ligamenten ................................................................................................................ 145
Verouderingsprocessen .............................................................................................................................. 145
Tendinitis ..................................................................................................................................................... 145
Insertie desmopathie .................................................................................................................................. 145
Peesruptuur ................................................................................................................................................ 145
Tenosynovitis .............................................................................................................................................. 145
Bursitis......................................................................................................................................................... 145
Endocrien stelsel ................................................................................................................................................. 146
Hypofyse ......................................................................................................................................................... 146
Hypoplasie en atrofie .................................................................................................................................. 146
Juveniel panhypopituarisme ....................................................................................................................... 146
Hypofyse abces ........................................................................................................................................... 146
Bijschildklier/parathyroïd ................................................................................................................................ 147
Hyperparathyroïdie ..................................................................................................................................... 147
Schildklier/thyroïd ........................................................................................................................................... 147
Idiopathische folliculaire atrofie ................................................................................................................. 147
Goiter/struma/kropgezwel ......................................................................................................................... 147
Nodulaire hyperplasie ................................................................................................................................. 147
Lymfocytaire thyroïditis .............................................................................................................................. 148
Bijnier .............................................................................................................................................................. 148
Hypoplasie ................................................................................................................................................... 148
Mineralisatie ............................................................................................................................................... 148
Amyloïdose.................................................................................................................................................. 148
Corticale hyperplasie ................................................................................................................................... 148
Stressbloedingen ......................................................................................................................................... 149
Adrenalitis ................................................................................................................................................... 149
Endocriene Pancreas ....................................................................................................................................... 149
Amyloïdose eilandjes van langerhans ......................................................................................................... 149
Vacuolisatie Beta cellen .............................................................................................................................. 149
Zenuwstelsel ....................................................................................................................................................... 150
Centraal zenuwstelsel ..................................................................................................................................... 150
Congenitaal ................................................................................................................................................. 150
Stofwisselingsstoornissen ........................................................................................................................... 152
Degeneratieve veranderingen .................................................................................................................... 155
Circulatiestoornissen ................................................................................................................................... 155

Pagina 7 van 164

, Inflammatie ................................................................................................................................................. 156
Perifeer zenuwstelsel ...................................................................................................................................... 157
Feline dysautonomie = Key-Gaskell ............................................................................................................ 157
Sensorische neuropathie............................................................................................................................. 157
Polyradiculoneuritis .................................................................................................................................... 157
Trauma ........................................................................................................................................................ 157
Zintuigen ............................................................................................................................................................. 158
Oog .................................................................................................................................................................. 158
Anoftalmie en microftalmie ........................................................................................................................ 158
Synoftalmos en cycloop .............................................................................................................................. 158
Coloboma .................................................................................................................................................... 158
Choroïd dysplasie ........................................................................................................................................ 158
Iris hypopigmentatie ................................................................................................................................... 158
Persisterend pupillair membraan ................................................................................................................ 158
Goniodysgenesie ......................................................................................................................................... 159
Persisterende arteria hyaloïdea .................................................................................................................. 159
Retinadysplasie ........................................................................................................................................... 159
Nervus opticus hypoplasie .......................................................................................................................... 159
Afwijkingen in differentiatie oppervlakkig ectoderm ................................................................................. 159
Bloeding ...................................................................................................................................................... 160
Reactie op schade ....................................................................................................................................... 160
Inflammatie ................................................................................................................................................. 162
Oor .................................................................................................................................................................. 163
Atresie uitwendig gehoorkanaal ................................................................................................................. 163
Oorhematoom............................................................................................................................................. 163
Otitis externa............................................................................................................................................... 163
Feline relapsing polychondritis ................................................................................................................... 164
Otitis media ................................................................................................................................................. 164
Tympanokeratoma = aural cholesteatoma ................................................................................................. 164




Pagina 8 van 164

,ADEMHALINGSSTELSEL

NEUSHOLTE EN SINUSSEN

De choanen zijn de achterste
neusopeningen, tussen de neusholte en
nasofarynx. De beide zijn gescheiden
door de vomer. Soms zien we atresie, dat
betekent dat de choanen niet zijn
aangelegd. Vaak is dit idiopathisch, dus
zonder gekende oorzaak.


NEUSVLOEI EN RHINITIS
Initiële neusvloei is sereus/waterig, doordat de sereuze
klieren contraheren. Daarna wordt het katarraal/helder
muceus, doordat de slijmbekercellen mucus
produceren. Indien er ook bacteriën bij komen kijken,
wordt het (muco)purulent/dradentrekkend. Ook zien
we frequent haemorrhagische neusvloei. Wanneer dit
unilateraal is, denken we aan een probleem in de neus.
Bilateraal zoeken we het probleem dieper of is het een
destructief proces.




In het geval van een primaire noxe kunnen we volgende evolutie zien:

1. Squameuze metaplasie
2. Atrofie epitheel en kliertjes
3. Fibrose
4. Ulceratie
5. Nasofaryngeale poliep (>)
6. Conchae destructie
7. Neusdeviatie
8. Sinusitis
9. Osteomyelitis (botontsteking)
10. Meningitis
11. Otitis
12. Depigmentatie neusspiegel
13. Epifora (overdreven traanvloei)

Een poliep is weefsel dat uitpuilt in het lumen, dit bestaat uit een centrale bindweefsel-as met bloedvaten.
Daarrond zit het epitheel waarin ze zich normaal bevinden. In principe is dit een goedaardig proces, maar er
kan wel inflammatie mee gepaard gaan.


Pagina 9 van 164

, Een rhinitis kan de volgende vormen aannemen:

Vorm Kiem Foto
Purulent Trueperella pyogenes
(schaap)




Fibrineus/ IBR (Ru)
fibronecrotiserend = rhinotracheïtis




ILT (Kip)
= laryngotracheïtis



Granulomateus Vreemd voorwerp, vooral
macrofagen




Mycotisch/ Nasale aspergillose (Ca)
mucopurulent IgA tekort
Langsnuitrassen


Allergisch/catarraal




Lymfoplasmacytair Infiltratie lymfocyten en
plasmacellen in propria




Pagina 10 van 164
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