1
NUR
NUR 265 / NUR265 EXAM 1: (LATEST
2025/ 2026 UPDATE) ADVANCED CONCEPTS
OF MEDICAL -SURGICAL NURSING GUIDE|
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS| GRADE A| 100%
CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)- GALEN
1. What is nephrotic syndrome? A condition of increased
glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass
through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted.
2. What are key features of nephrotic syndrome?: *Massive
proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
NUR 265
,3. In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is
greater than what?: 3.5g in 24 hours
4. What is nephrotic syndrome treated with?: -
immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein
loss in urine) -statins (improve blood
lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney
function)
5. Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples.: Decreased perfusion
to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
, 3
NUR
6. Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples.: Tissue damage to
the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal
bleeding -
Pyelonephritis
7. Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples.: Obstruction that
occurs after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-
Bladder
Cancer
-Kidney
stones
8. How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?:
Systolic + (Dias-
NUR 265
, tolic*2) /3
9. What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys?: 65
mmHg
10. What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs?: -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
11. During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be
monitored?: Watch for dehydration and make sure output is
greater than input
12. What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient?: -Low
protein -Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion
problem)
13. What are the 2 most common causes of CKD?: -HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
NUR
NUR 265 / NUR265 EXAM 1: (LATEST
2025/ 2026 UPDATE) ADVANCED CONCEPTS
OF MEDICAL -SURGICAL NURSING GUIDE|
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS| GRADE A| 100%
CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)- GALEN
1. What is nephrotic syndrome? A condition of increased
glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass
through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted.
2. What are key features of nephrotic syndrome?: *Massive
proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
NUR 265
,3. In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is
greater than what?: 3.5g in 24 hours
4. What is nephrotic syndrome treated with?: -
immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein
loss in urine) -statins (improve blood
lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney
function)
5. Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples.: Decreased perfusion
to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
, 3
NUR
6. Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples.: Tissue damage to
the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal
bleeding -
Pyelonephritis
7. Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples.: Obstruction that
occurs after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-
Bladder
Cancer
-Kidney
stones
8. How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?:
Systolic + (Dias-
NUR 265
, tolic*2) /3
9. What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys?: 65
mmHg
10. What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs?: -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
11. During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be
monitored?: Watch for dehydration and make sure output is
greater than input
12. What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient?: -Low
protein -Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion
problem)
13. What are the 2 most common causes of CKD?: -HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
