2025 GLY1102 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
2025/2026
All ceratopsians had a relatively large frill. - False
Chasmosaurus has two very large openings (parietal fenestra) in the frill. - True
While the Protoceratopsidae were bipedal, the Psittacosaurus were clearly an obligate
quadrupedal. - False
Centrosaurus has six long, bony spikes sticking out fanwise from the back of its frill. -
False
The thickened skull of ____ has led to speculation that males clashed heads with one
another in competition for females during breeding season. - Pachycephalosaurus
Most Pachycephalosaurs lived during the Late Cretaceous in ____ - North America and
Asia
The Homalocephalidae were the largest pachycephalosaurs - False
Pachycephalosaurs were all bipedal - True
Which of the following pachycephalosaur characteristics is false? - Quadrapedal
Pachycephalosaurs first evolved during the _____. - Early Cretaceous
The name "Pachycephalosauria" means ____. - Thick-headed
All known pachycephalsaurs are from the Northern Hemisphere. - True
Pachycephalosauridae have a flat skull roof. - False
Running, Stegoceras would have had its back almost perpendicular with the ground
requiring the tail to act as a counterbalance. - False
The Homalocephalidae family is more diverse than the Pachycephalosauridae. - False
The Pachycephalosauria are divided into two families based upon their ____. - Skull
roof characteristics
The Homalocephalidae were the largest pachycephalosaurs. - False
Pachycephalosaurs were all herbivores. - True
, Unlike Stegoceras, Pachycephalosaurus has very prominent bony spikes projecting
from the snout. - True
Homalocephale from Mongolia had a relatively flat skull roof. - True
Most ectotherms have sprawling postures - True
Ectothermic animals maintain a body temperature at 36-40 degrees C. - False
Endotherms require great motor and sensory control which is associated with larger and
more complex brains. - True
The density of blood vessels in bone is higher in all ectotherms than in endotherms. -
False
Mammals have a fully divided four-chambered heart and numerous fossil dinosaur
hearts have only two chambers - False
Today feathers are only found on endothermic birds. - True
Dinosaurs have complex scrolls of thin bone within the nasal cavity (turbinates) once
covered with mucous membranes. - False
Most endotherms are egg-layers. - False
The optimum temperature of mammals is usually lower than those in the environment
around them. - False
Endotherms require more food per body weight than is the case for ectotherms. - True
One dinosaur researcher, Dr. Bakker, finds the predator/herbivore dinosaur ratios
similar to Cenozoic mammal (endothermic) populations and interpreted this as strong
evidence for endothermy. - True
Endothermic predator- prey ratios should be lower than for ectotherms. - True
Most endotherms have an erect gait. - True
Endotherms require high blood pressure and rapid blood circulation to allow against
oxygen and energy to circulate quickly through the body. - True
Ectothermic animals develop their heat from the external environment rather than
metabolic sources. - True
Endotherms must eat more food per body volume than ectotherms because of their
higher level of activity. - True
2025/2026
All ceratopsians had a relatively large frill. - False
Chasmosaurus has two very large openings (parietal fenestra) in the frill. - True
While the Protoceratopsidae were bipedal, the Psittacosaurus were clearly an obligate
quadrupedal. - False
Centrosaurus has six long, bony spikes sticking out fanwise from the back of its frill. -
False
The thickened skull of ____ has led to speculation that males clashed heads with one
another in competition for females during breeding season. - Pachycephalosaurus
Most Pachycephalosaurs lived during the Late Cretaceous in ____ - North America and
Asia
The Homalocephalidae were the largest pachycephalosaurs - False
Pachycephalosaurs were all bipedal - True
Which of the following pachycephalosaur characteristics is false? - Quadrapedal
Pachycephalosaurs first evolved during the _____. - Early Cretaceous
The name "Pachycephalosauria" means ____. - Thick-headed
All known pachycephalsaurs are from the Northern Hemisphere. - True
Pachycephalosauridae have a flat skull roof. - False
Running, Stegoceras would have had its back almost perpendicular with the ground
requiring the tail to act as a counterbalance. - False
The Homalocephalidae family is more diverse than the Pachycephalosauridae. - False
The Pachycephalosauria are divided into two families based upon their ____. - Skull
roof characteristics
The Homalocephalidae were the largest pachycephalosaurs. - False
Pachycephalosaurs were all herbivores. - True
, Unlike Stegoceras, Pachycephalosaurus has very prominent bony spikes projecting
from the snout. - True
Homalocephale from Mongolia had a relatively flat skull roof. - True
Most ectotherms have sprawling postures - True
Ectothermic animals maintain a body temperature at 36-40 degrees C. - False
Endotherms require great motor and sensory control which is associated with larger and
more complex brains. - True
The density of blood vessels in bone is higher in all ectotherms than in endotherms. -
False
Mammals have a fully divided four-chambered heart and numerous fossil dinosaur
hearts have only two chambers - False
Today feathers are only found on endothermic birds. - True
Dinosaurs have complex scrolls of thin bone within the nasal cavity (turbinates) once
covered with mucous membranes. - False
Most endotherms are egg-layers. - False
The optimum temperature of mammals is usually lower than those in the environment
around them. - False
Endotherms require more food per body weight than is the case for ectotherms. - True
One dinosaur researcher, Dr. Bakker, finds the predator/herbivore dinosaur ratios
similar to Cenozoic mammal (endothermic) populations and interpreted this as strong
evidence for endothermy. - True
Endothermic predator- prey ratios should be lower than for ectotherms. - True
Most endotherms have an erect gait. - True
Endotherms require high blood pressure and rapid blood circulation to allow against
oxygen and energy to circulate quickly through the body. - True
Ectothermic animals develop their heat from the external environment rather than
metabolic sources. - True
Endotherms must eat more food per body volume than ectotherms because of their
higher level of activity. - True
