THEORIES OF COUNSELING AND
PSYCHOTHERAPY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS)
Why is it helpful to have a theory? What is its purpose?
☑☑: A good theory provides us for a better understanding of
human behavior.
What is the first thing a licensed counselor should do if he or she
observes a colleague displaying unethical behavior?
☑☑: Talk with that person and ask them to stop. (Reporting them
is second.)
What topics are covered in a good informed consent? (5)
☑☑: The theories/practices that will be used, the counselor's
prices, confidentiality issues ( + reasons to break confidentiality),
and sometimes the risk(s) of therapy.
What is competence? (What makes a person competent [2] or
incompetent? [2])
,☑☑: A competent person has sufficient training/ education &
plenty of supervised experience. Someone is incompetent when
they're experiencing a burnout (vicarious traumatization) or under
the influence (drug/alcohol use).
How old must a client be to sign a valid consent form?
☑☑: 18
What does it mean for a treatment to be empirically validated? (2)
☑☑: Treatment is supported by good research & has specific
details spelled out (so that people who practice the same
treatment will have the same outcome).
What was Freud's view on repression? (4)
☑☑: Repression is unconscious & is involved in symptom
formation, Uses psychic energy...it's a general psychic process.
What is the role of the analyst in psychoanalysis? (2)
☑☑: Doctor. Decides what's real and what's not real.
What is required of the analyst to eliminate his or her own
countertransference?
☑☑: Must go through psychoanalysis themselves.
What is the fundamental rule of psychoanalysis?
, ☑☑: Client must say everything that comes to mind.
What are ego defense mechanisms? What are three examples?
☑☑: They are unconscious ways to prevent unacceptable
wishes from emerging into awareness. Examples: repression,
fixation, and projection.
If your client is someone who usually goes to the gym to run
everyday, but she mentioned that when she went to the gym the
previous day, she had a really bad morning, so she decided to
change her routine and work out by boxing instead. What kind of
ego defense mechanism is that?
☑☑: Displacement
If your client goes to the gym every day and works out by punching
and kicking, what kind of defense mechanism does he/she use?
☑☑: Trick question! None.
According to Freud, what is the most powerful source of human
behavior?
☑☑: The unconscious.
What did the Hoglend (2007) study research? What did they find?
PSYCHOTHERAPY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS)
Why is it helpful to have a theory? What is its purpose?
☑☑: A good theory provides us for a better understanding of
human behavior.
What is the first thing a licensed counselor should do if he or she
observes a colleague displaying unethical behavior?
☑☑: Talk with that person and ask them to stop. (Reporting them
is second.)
What topics are covered in a good informed consent? (5)
☑☑: The theories/practices that will be used, the counselor's
prices, confidentiality issues ( + reasons to break confidentiality),
and sometimes the risk(s) of therapy.
What is competence? (What makes a person competent [2] or
incompetent? [2])
,☑☑: A competent person has sufficient training/ education &
plenty of supervised experience. Someone is incompetent when
they're experiencing a burnout (vicarious traumatization) or under
the influence (drug/alcohol use).
How old must a client be to sign a valid consent form?
☑☑: 18
What does it mean for a treatment to be empirically validated? (2)
☑☑: Treatment is supported by good research & has specific
details spelled out (so that people who practice the same
treatment will have the same outcome).
What was Freud's view on repression? (4)
☑☑: Repression is unconscious & is involved in symptom
formation, Uses psychic energy...it's a general psychic process.
What is the role of the analyst in psychoanalysis? (2)
☑☑: Doctor. Decides what's real and what's not real.
What is required of the analyst to eliminate his or her own
countertransference?
☑☑: Must go through psychoanalysis themselves.
What is the fundamental rule of psychoanalysis?
, ☑☑: Client must say everything that comes to mind.
What are ego defense mechanisms? What are three examples?
☑☑: They are unconscious ways to prevent unacceptable
wishes from emerging into awareness. Examples: repression,
fixation, and projection.
If your client is someone who usually goes to the gym to run
everyday, but she mentioned that when she went to the gym the
previous day, she had a really bad morning, so she decided to
change her routine and work out by boxing instead. What kind of
ego defense mechanism is that?
☑☑: Displacement
If your client goes to the gym every day and works out by punching
and kicking, what kind of defense mechanism does he/she use?
☑☑: Trick question! None.
According to Freud, what is the most powerful source of human
behavior?
☑☑: The unconscious.
What did the Hoglend (2007) study research? What did they find?
