,TESTsBANKs FOR
McCances&sHuether’ssPathophysiologysThesBiologicsBasissfor.DiseasesinsAdults.andsChildres
ns9thsEditionsbysJuliasRogers
Chapters01:sCellularsBiology
Rogers:sMcCances&sHuether’ssPathophysiology,s9thsEdition
MULTIPLEsCHOICE
1. Whichsstatement.bestsdescribessthescellularsfunctionsofsmetabolicsabsorption?
a. Cellsscansproducesproteins.
b. Cellsscanssecretesdigestivesenzymes.
c. Cellsscanstakesin.andsusesnutrients.
d. Cellsscanssynthesizesfats.
ANS;s C
In.metabolicsabsorption,sallscellsstakesinsandsusesnutrientssandsother.substancessfromstheirssurrou
sndings.sThesremainingsoptionssaresnotsinclusivesinstheirsdescriptionssofscellularsmetabolicsabso
rsption.
DIF: CognitivesLevel:sRemembering
2. Wheresissmostsofsascell’ssgeneticsinformation,sincludingsRNAsandsDNA,scontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS;s C
Thesnucleusscontainssthesnucleolus,sassmallsdensesstructurescomposedslargely.ofsRNA,smost.of.ts
hescellularsDNA,sandsthesDNA-
bindingsproteins,ssuchsasstheshistones,swhichsregulatesitssactivity.sThesmitochondriasaresresponss
iblesfor.cellular.respirationsandsenergysproduction.
Ribosomes’schiefsfunctionsisstosprovidessitessforscellular.proteinssynthesis.sLysosomessfunctions
assthesintracellular.digestive.system.
DIF: CognitivesLevel:sRemembering
3. Which.componentsofsthescellsproducesshydrogensperoxide.(H2O2)sby.usingsoxygenstosremoveshy
sdrogensatomssfromsspecificssubstratessinsansoxidativesreaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS;s B
, Peroxisomessare.sosnamedsbecausestheysusually.containsenzymessthatsusesoxygensto.remove.hydsro
gensatomssfromsspecificssubstratessinsansoxidativesreactionsthatsproducessH2O2,swhichsissaspowserfu
lsoxidantsandspotentiallysdestructivesifsit.accumulatessorsescapessfrom.peroxisomes.sRibososmessar
esRNA-
protein.complexess(nucleoproteins)sthat.aressynthesizedsin.thesnucleolussand.secretedsintosthesc
ystoplasmsthroughsporessinsthesnuclear.envelope.calledsnuclearsporescomplexes.sLysosomessares
sasclikesstructuressthat.originatesfromsthesGolgiscomplexsandscontainsmoresthans40sdigestivesenz
ymsesscalledshydrolases,swhichscatalyzesbondssinsproteins,slipids,snucleicsacids,sandscarbohydr
ates.sAnsendosomesissasvesicalsthatshassbeenspinchedsoffsfrom.thescellular.membrane.
DIF: CognitivesLevel:sRemembering
4. Which.cellscomponentsisscapablesofscellular.autodigestionswhensitsissreleasedsduringscellsinj
sury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgiscomplex
c. Smoothsendoplasmicsreticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS;s D
Theslysosomalsmembranesactssassasprotectivesshieldsbetweensthespowerfulsdigestivesenzymessw
isthinstheslysosomesandsthescytoplasm,spreventing.their.leakagesintosthescytoplasmicsmatrix.sDi
srsuptionsofsthesmembranesby.variousstreatmentssorscellularsinjury.leadssto.asreleasesofstheslysos
omsalsenzymes,swhich.cansthensreactswith.their.specificssubstrates,scausingscellular.self-
digestion.sTheschiefsfunctionsofsa.ribosomesisstosprovidessitessfor.cellular.protein.synthesis.sThe
sGolgiscomplexsissasnetworksofsflattened,ssmoothsvesiclessandsmembranessoften.locatedsnearsth
escellsnucleus.sThessmoothsendoplasmicsreticulumsissinvolvedsinssteroidshormonesproductionsa
ndsremoving.toxicssubstancessfromsthescell.
DIF:s s CognitivesLevel:sRemembering
5. WhichscAMP-mediatedsresponsesissrelatedstosantidiureticshormone?
a. Increasedsheart.ratesandsforcesof.contraction
b. Secretionsofscortisol
c. Increasedsretentionsof.water
d. Breakdownsofsfat
ANS;s C
Antidiureticshormonesleadsstosincreasedsretentionsofswatersinsthesbody.sEpinephrinescausessincreases
sinsheartsratesandsforcesofscontraction.sIncreasedscortisolssecretionsissduestosACTH.sBreakdownsof.fats
isssduestosglucagon.
DIF:s s CognitivesLevel:sRemembering
6. During.whichsphasesofsthescellscyclesissDNAssynthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS;s B
, Thesfour.designatedsphasessof.thescellscyclesare:s(1)sthe.G1sphases(Gs=sgap),swhichsissthesperiodsb
setweensthesMsphases(Ms=smitosis)sandsthesstartsofsDNAssynthesis;s(2)sthesSsphases(S
=ssynthesis),sduringswhich.DNAsisssynthesizedsinsthescellsnucleus;s(3)sthesG2sphase,sduringswhi
csh.RNAsandsproteinssynthesissoccurs,sthesperiodsbetweensthescompletion.of.DNAssynthesissan
dstshesnextsphases(M);sands(4)sthesMsphase,swhichsincludessnuclear.andscytoplasmicsdivision.
DIF:s s CognitivesLevel:sRemembering
7. What.organicscompoundsfacilitatesstransportationsacrossscellsmembranessby.acting.assre
sceptors,stransportschannelssforselectrolytes,sandsenzymesstosdrivesactivespumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS;s C
Proteinsshavesseveralsfunctions,sincluding.actingsassreceptors,stransport.channelssfor.electrolytes
,sandsenzymesstosdrivesactivespumpssLipidsshelpsactsassthes―glue‖sholdingscellsmembranesstogeth
ser.sProteasesscause.thesbreakdownsofsprotein.sCarbohydratessaresinvolvedsinscellular.protections
asndslubrication.andshelpsproducesenergysviasoxidativesphosphorylation.
DIF: CognitivesLevel:sRemembering
8. Understandingsthesvarioussstepssof.proteolyticscascadessmaybesusefulsinsdesigning.drugsth
serapy.for.whichshumansdiseases?
a. Cardiacsandsvascular.disorders
b. Autoimmunesandsmalignant.disorders
c. Gastrointestinalsandsrenalsdisorders
d. Endocrinesandsgastrointestinalsdisorders
ANS;s B
Understandingsthesvarioussstepssinvolved.insthissprocesssisscrucialsfor.designingsdrugsinterventis
ons.sDysregulationsofsproteasessfeaturessprominently.insmanyhumansdiseases,sincluding.cancer
,sautoimmunity,sandsneurodegenerativesdisorders.sCardiac,svascular,sgastrointestinal,srenal,sandsendocri
nesdisorderssdosnotsinvolvesthissprocess.
DIF: CognitivesLevel:sRemembering
9. Which.structurespreventsswater-
solublesmoleculessfromsenteringscellssacrosssthesplasmasmembrane?
a. Carbohydrateschains
b. Glycoproteinschannels
c. Membraneschannelsproteins
d. Lipidsbilayer
ANS;s D
McCances&sHuether’ssPathophysiologysThesBiologicsBasissfor.DiseasesinsAdults.andsChildres
ns9thsEditionsbysJuliasRogers
Chapters01:sCellularsBiology
Rogers:sMcCances&sHuether’ssPathophysiology,s9thsEdition
MULTIPLEsCHOICE
1. Whichsstatement.bestsdescribessthescellularsfunctionsofsmetabolicsabsorption?
a. Cellsscansproducesproteins.
b. Cellsscanssecretesdigestivesenzymes.
c. Cellsscanstakesin.andsusesnutrients.
d. Cellsscanssynthesizesfats.
ANS;s C
In.metabolicsabsorption,sallscellsstakesinsandsusesnutrientssandsother.substancessfromstheirssurrou
sndings.sThesremainingsoptionssaresnotsinclusivesinstheirsdescriptionssofscellularsmetabolicsabso
rsption.
DIF: CognitivesLevel:sRemembering
2. Wheresissmostsofsascell’ssgeneticsinformation,sincludingsRNAsandsDNA,scontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS;s C
Thesnucleusscontainssthesnucleolus,sassmallsdensesstructurescomposedslargely.ofsRNA,smost.of.ts
hescellularsDNA,sandsthesDNA-
bindingsproteins,ssuchsasstheshistones,swhichsregulatesitssactivity.sThesmitochondriasaresresponss
iblesfor.cellular.respirationsandsenergysproduction.
Ribosomes’schiefsfunctionsisstosprovidessitessforscellular.proteinssynthesis.sLysosomessfunctions
assthesintracellular.digestive.system.
DIF: CognitivesLevel:sRemembering
3. Which.componentsofsthescellsproducesshydrogensperoxide.(H2O2)sby.usingsoxygenstosremoveshy
sdrogensatomssfromsspecificssubstratessinsansoxidativesreaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS;s B
, Peroxisomessare.sosnamedsbecausestheysusually.containsenzymessthatsusesoxygensto.remove.hydsro
gensatomssfromsspecificssubstratessinsansoxidativesreactionsthatsproducessH2O2,swhichsissaspowserfu
lsoxidantsandspotentiallysdestructivesifsit.accumulatessorsescapessfrom.peroxisomes.sRibososmessar
esRNA-
protein.complexess(nucleoproteins)sthat.aressynthesizedsin.thesnucleolussand.secretedsintosthesc
ystoplasmsthroughsporessinsthesnuclear.envelope.calledsnuclearsporescomplexes.sLysosomessares
sasclikesstructuressthat.originatesfromsthesGolgiscomplexsandscontainsmoresthans40sdigestivesenz
ymsesscalledshydrolases,swhichscatalyzesbondssinsproteins,slipids,snucleicsacids,sandscarbohydr
ates.sAnsendosomesissasvesicalsthatshassbeenspinchedsoffsfrom.thescellular.membrane.
DIF: CognitivesLevel:sRemembering
4. Which.cellscomponentsisscapablesofscellular.autodigestionswhensitsissreleasedsduringscellsinj
sury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgiscomplex
c. Smoothsendoplasmicsreticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS;s D
Theslysosomalsmembranesactssassasprotectivesshieldsbetweensthespowerfulsdigestivesenzymessw
isthinstheslysosomesandsthescytoplasm,spreventing.their.leakagesintosthescytoplasmicsmatrix.sDi
srsuptionsofsthesmembranesby.variousstreatmentssorscellularsinjury.leadssto.asreleasesofstheslysos
omsalsenzymes,swhich.cansthensreactswith.their.specificssubstrates,scausingscellular.self-
digestion.sTheschiefsfunctionsofsa.ribosomesisstosprovidessitessfor.cellular.protein.synthesis.sThe
sGolgiscomplexsissasnetworksofsflattened,ssmoothsvesiclessandsmembranessoften.locatedsnearsth
escellsnucleus.sThessmoothsendoplasmicsreticulumsissinvolvedsinssteroidshormonesproductionsa
ndsremoving.toxicssubstancessfromsthescell.
DIF:s s CognitivesLevel:sRemembering
5. WhichscAMP-mediatedsresponsesissrelatedstosantidiureticshormone?
a. Increasedsheart.ratesandsforcesof.contraction
b. Secretionsofscortisol
c. Increasedsretentionsof.water
d. Breakdownsofsfat
ANS;s C
Antidiureticshormonesleadsstosincreasedsretentionsofswatersinsthesbody.sEpinephrinescausessincreases
sinsheartsratesandsforcesofscontraction.sIncreasedscortisolssecretionsissduestosACTH.sBreakdownsof.fats
isssduestosglucagon.
DIF:s s CognitivesLevel:sRemembering
6. During.whichsphasesofsthescellscyclesissDNAssynthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS;s B
, Thesfour.designatedsphasessof.thescellscyclesare:s(1)sthe.G1sphases(Gs=sgap),swhichsissthesperiodsb
setweensthesMsphases(Ms=smitosis)sandsthesstartsofsDNAssynthesis;s(2)sthesSsphases(S
=ssynthesis),sduringswhich.DNAsisssynthesizedsinsthescellsnucleus;s(3)sthesG2sphase,sduringswhi
csh.RNAsandsproteinssynthesissoccurs,sthesperiodsbetweensthescompletion.of.DNAssynthesissan
dstshesnextsphases(M);sands(4)sthesMsphase,swhichsincludessnuclear.andscytoplasmicsdivision.
DIF:s s CognitivesLevel:sRemembering
7. What.organicscompoundsfacilitatesstransportationsacrossscellsmembranessby.acting.assre
sceptors,stransportschannelssforselectrolytes,sandsenzymesstosdrivesactivespumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS;s C
Proteinsshavesseveralsfunctions,sincluding.actingsassreceptors,stransport.channelssfor.electrolytes
,sandsenzymesstosdrivesactivespumpssLipidsshelpsactsassthes―glue‖sholdingscellsmembranesstogeth
ser.sProteasesscause.thesbreakdownsofsprotein.sCarbohydratessaresinvolvedsinscellular.protections
asndslubrication.andshelpsproducesenergysviasoxidativesphosphorylation.
DIF: CognitivesLevel:sRemembering
8. Understandingsthesvarioussstepssof.proteolyticscascadessmaybesusefulsinsdesigning.drugsth
serapy.for.whichshumansdiseases?
a. Cardiacsandsvascular.disorders
b. Autoimmunesandsmalignant.disorders
c. Gastrointestinalsandsrenalsdisorders
d. Endocrinesandsgastrointestinalsdisorders
ANS;s B
Understandingsthesvarioussstepssinvolved.insthissprocesssisscrucialsfor.designingsdrugsinterventis
ons.sDysregulationsofsproteasessfeaturessprominently.insmanyhumansdiseases,sincluding.cancer
,sautoimmunity,sandsneurodegenerativesdisorders.sCardiac,svascular,sgastrointestinal,srenal,sandsendocri
nesdisorderssdosnotsinvolvesthissprocess.
DIF: CognitivesLevel:sRemembering
9. Which.structurespreventsswater-
solublesmoleculessfromsenteringscellssacrosssthesplasmasmembrane?
a. Carbohydrateschains
b. Glycoproteinschannels
c. Membraneschannelsproteins
d. Lipidsbilayer
ANS;s D
