2025 CMN 548 MODULE 3 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
What is the definition of child development? - Change in the child that occurs over time.
Changes follow an orderlypattern that moves toward greater complexity and enhances
survival.
When is the generally assumed Prenatal period of developement? - from conception to
birth
When is the generally assumed period of developement from infancy to toddlerhood? -
birth-2 years
When is the generally assumed period of developement for early childhood? - 2-6 YO
When is the generally assumed period of developement for middle childhood? - 6-12
years old
When is the generally assumed period of developement for adolescence? - 12-19 YO
What is semantic memory? - learning of facts
What is episodic memory? - learning of events
What are the 3 domains of development? - - Physical Domain:
body size, body proportions, appearance, brain development, motor
development,perception capacities, physical health.
-Cognitive Domain:
thought processes and intellectual abilities including attention, memory, problemsolving,
imagination, creativity, academic and everyday knowledge,metacognition, and
language.
-Social/Emotional Domain:
self-knowledge (self-esteem, metacognition, sexual identity, ethnic identity),moral
reasoning, understanding and expression of emotions, self-regulation,temperament,
understanding others, interpersonal skills, and friendships.
What is a theory? - Orderly set of ideas which describe, explain, and predict behavior.
Why are theories important? - A theory gives meaning to what we observe; a model for
how a phenomenon occurs.
A theory is a foundational belief about how the world operates.
As a basis for action -- finding ways to improve the lives and education of children and
adults.
, To give rise to the development of new theories.
Theories explain the relationship between various concepts.
What is the Calvinist view of children? - Children were born evil, and must be civilized
-reformation period (16th century)
What is tabula rasa? - -John Locke believed in tabula rasa (17th century Age of
Enlightenment)
-a child's mind is a blank slate at birth.
-Children develop in response to nurturing.
-Forerunner of behaviorism.
What did Jean Jacques Rousseau believe during the 18th century Age of Reason? - -
Children seen as "noble savages", born with an innate sense of morality; the timing of
growth should not be interfered with.
Rousseau used the idea of stages of development.
Forerunner of maturationist beliefs.
What theory did Charles Darwin believe in? - Theories of natural selection and survival
of the fittest.
Darwin made parallels between human prenatal growth and other animals.
Forerunner of ethology, thescientific study of animal behavior.
When did theories about child development being to expand around the world? - -20th
century
-laws were passed to protect children, and childhood was seen as worthy of special
attention
What is Freud's psychosexual theory? - Was based on his therapy with troubled adults.
He emphasized that achild's personality isformed by the ways whichparents manage
sexual andaggressive drives.
What is Erikson's Psychosocial theory? - Believed that development is life-long
Emphasized that at each stage, the child acquires attitudes and skills resulting from the
successful negotiation of the psychological conflict
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
What is the definition of child development? - Change in the child that occurs over time.
Changes follow an orderlypattern that moves toward greater complexity and enhances
survival.
When is the generally assumed Prenatal period of developement? - from conception to
birth
When is the generally assumed period of developement from infancy to toddlerhood? -
birth-2 years
When is the generally assumed period of developement for early childhood? - 2-6 YO
When is the generally assumed period of developement for middle childhood? - 6-12
years old
When is the generally assumed period of developement for adolescence? - 12-19 YO
What is semantic memory? - learning of facts
What is episodic memory? - learning of events
What are the 3 domains of development? - - Physical Domain:
body size, body proportions, appearance, brain development, motor
development,perception capacities, physical health.
-Cognitive Domain:
thought processes and intellectual abilities including attention, memory, problemsolving,
imagination, creativity, academic and everyday knowledge,metacognition, and
language.
-Social/Emotional Domain:
self-knowledge (self-esteem, metacognition, sexual identity, ethnic identity),moral
reasoning, understanding and expression of emotions, self-regulation,temperament,
understanding others, interpersonal skills, and friendships.
What is a theory? - Orderly set of ideas which describe, explain, and predict behavior.
Why are theories important? - A theory gives meaning to what we observe; a model for
how a phenomenon occurs.
A theory is a foundational belief about how the world operates.
As a basis for action -- finding ways to improve the lives and education of children and
adults.
, To give rise to the development of new theories.
Theories explain the relationship between various concepts.
What is the Calvinist view of children? - Children were born evil, and must be civilized
-reformation period (16th century)
What is tabula rasa? - -John Locke believed in tabula rasa (17th century Age of
Enlightenment)
-a child's mind is a blank slate at birth.
-Children develop in response to nurturing.
-Forerunner of behaviorism.
What did Jean Jacques Rousseau believe during the 18th century Age of Reason? - -
Children seen as "noble savages", born with an innate sense of morality; the timing of
growth should not be interfered with.
Rousseau used the idea of stages of development.
Forerunner of maturationist beliefs.
What theory did Charles Darwin believe in? - Theories of natural selection and survival
of the fittest.
Darwin made parallels between human prenatal growth and other animals.
Forerunner of ethology, thescientific study of animal behavior.
When did theories about child development being to expand around the world? - -20th
century
-laws were passed to protect children, and childhood was seen as worthy of special
attention
What is Freud's psychosexual theory? - Was based on his therapy with troubled adults.
He emphasized that achild's personality isformed by the ways whichparents manage
sexual andaggressive drives.
What is Erikson's Psychosocial theory? - Believed that development is life-long
Emphasized that at each stage, the child acquires attitudes and skills resulting from the
successful negotiation of the psychological conflict
