HUN 1201 20252026 EXAM 2 GRADED A+
water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals - are the six classes of nutrients
Essential nutrients - are nutrients must be derived from food; the body cannot make them
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins - major fuels, are organic (carbon containing), and energy-yielding
Vitamins - are organic; yield no energy; facilitate release of energy
Minerals - are inorganic; yield no energy; regulate the release of energy and other roles
Water - inorganic medium where all body processes take place
1 kcal - = 1 calories
Carbohydrates and proteins - both 4 kcals of energy per gram
Fat - 9 kcals of energy per gram; greatest energy density
Alcohol - contributes energy; 7 kcals per gram; not a nutrient
mixture - Most foods have a ________ of all three energy-yielding nutrients
Pure foods - sugar (carbohydrate); oil (fat)
fat - too many kcals from any of the nutrients will be stored as _____
Dietary reference intakes (DRI) - sets of values set by nutrition experts to be used as nutrient intake
goals by healthy people in the US and Canada
, Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) - goals for individuals; based on solid scientific evidence;
foundation of DRI
Adequate Intake (AI) - goals for individuals; based on less extensive findings and more on judgement;
usually established when there is not enough scientific evidence to establish an RDA
Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) - goals for groups; average requirements for given life stage
and gender groups
Tolerable upper intake level (UL) - helps prevent nutrient toxicity by establishing upper limits of
intake for nutrients posing a hazard when consumed in excess
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) - energy intake from food should be matched with energy
expenditure; values depend on age, gender, weight, height, and physical activity
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) - healthy ranges of intakes for carbohydrates,
fat, and protein
45-65 - According to AMDR, carbohydrates should account for ____-____% of daily kcals
10-35 - According to AMDR, proteins should account for ____-____% of daily kcals
20-35 - According to AMDR, fat should account for ____-____% of daily kcals
adequacy, balance, kcal control, nutrient density, moderation, and variety - are characteristics of a
nutritious diet
Leading causes of death in the US - 1. Heart disease
2. Cancer
4. Stroke
7. Diabetes
150, 75, 30 - For heath benefits, ____ minutes per wk of moderate-intensity or ______ minutes per
wk of vigorous intensity; ____ minutes of physical activity each day
water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals - are the six classes of nutrients
Essential nutrients - are nutrients must be derived from food; the body cannot make them
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins - major fuels, are organic (carbon containing), and energy-yielding
Vitamins - are organic; yield no energy; facilitate release of energy
Minerals - are inorganic; yield no energy; regulate the release of energy and other roles
Water - inorganic medium where all body processes take place
1 kcal - = 1 calories
Carbohydrates and proteins - both 4 kcals of energy per gram
Fat - 9 kcals of energy per gram; greatest energy density
Alcohol - contributes energy; 7 kcals per gram; not a nutrient
mixture - Most foods have a ________ of all three energy-yielding nutrients
Pure foods - sugar (carbohydrate); oil (fat)
fat - too many kcals from any of the nutrients will be stored as _____
Dietary reference intakes (DRI) - sets of values set by nutrition experts to be used as nutrient intake
goals by healthy people in the US and Canada
, Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) - goals for individuals; based on solid scientific evidence;
foundation of DRI
Adequate Intake (AI) - goals for individuals; based on less extensive findings and more on judgement;
usually established when there is not enough scientific evidence to establish an RDA
Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) - goals for groups; average requirements for given life stage
and gender groups
Tolerable upper intake level (UL) - helps prevent nutrient toxicity by establishing upper limits of
intake for nutrients posing a hazard when consumed in excess
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) - energy intake from food should be matched with energy
expenditure; values depend on age, gender, weight, height, and physical activity
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) - healthy ranges of intakes for carbohydrates,
fat, and protein
45-65 - According to AMDR, carbohydrates should account for ____-____% of daily kcals
10-35 - According to AMDR, proteins should account for ____-____% of daily kcals
20-35 - According to AMDR, fat should account for ____-____% of daily kcals
adequacy, balance, kcal control, nutrient density, moderation, and variety - are characteristics of a
nutritious diet
Leading causes of death in the US - 1. Heart disease
2. Cancer
4. Stroke
7. Diabetes
150, 75, 30 - For heath benefits, ____ minutes per wk of moderate-intensity or ______ minutes per
wk of vigorous intensity; ____ minutes of physical activity each day
