EXAM 1-CRIM 249 with correct answers
100% 2024
lenses through which to view crime - Correct Answer normative ,legal, medical, psychological, and
sociological
Normative lense - Correct Answer the right or wrong of a situation, the valuation of moral thoughts
legal lense - Correct Answer laws and rules of evidence, rules of statutory, proof beyond a reasonable
doubt or preponderance of evidence.
medical lense - Correct Answer addiction, treatment both psychological and physical
psychological lense - Correct Answer studies the psychological characteristics and traits of each
individual, cognitive thinking, more individual
sociological lense - Correct Answer most useful, crime is inherently sociological, group or social learning
from peers socially we make the laws.
descriptive theory - Correct Answer a theory that thoroughly describes a phenomenon, based on rich
observations of it.
- describing, concepts, and phenomenon
explanatory theory - Correct Answer a theory that has one or more causal hypotheses suggesting that a
particular independent variable causes a particular effect on the dependent variable
- proposition set of relationship
concepts - Correct Answer definitions of ideas
- stigmas, labeling, and deterrence
propostion - Correct Answer a proposed explanation
,Hypothesis - Correct Answer a testable theory making it more accurate
falsifiable - Correct Answer potential problems within the theory
micro - Correct Answer individuals typically in psychology
macro - Correct Answer institutional lenses of big population
meso - Correct Answer middle ground between individual and community- subculture
uses include potential reasoning of why crime occurs
limitations include forgetting about variables of diversity within a theory - Correct Answer the uses and
limitations of theoretical explanations at each level
logical consistency - Correct Answer no circular reasoning, tautology, post-hoc reasoning
no circular reasoning - Correct Answer Do not claim a fallacy in which the argument repeats the claim as
a way to provide evidence.
ex: evolution adaptive- rape within the population of menis not falsifiable
tautology - Correct Answer unnecessary repetition: explaining a reason with its self
ex: antisocial people commit crime
post hoc reasoning - Correct Answer - When you observe something and explain why it exists using a a
narrative.
- it must be this way because...
the fallacy where we believe that because one event follows another, the first must have been a cause
of the second.
scope - Correct Answer A theory about one specific crime or crime in general
, -just studying police use of force is a narrow -----.
- social learning theory is a large -----.
parsimony (Ocean's Razor) - Correct Answer - a simple theory of low complication
- ex: low self-controls allows for more crime
Testability - Correct Answer Ability of a hypothesis to be falsifiability, measurability and have lack of
confounding variables
measurability - Correct Answer elements such as murder rates, or homicide rates within a hypothesis
lack of confounding variables - Correct Answer limiting the number of elements that you do no measure
logical consistency, scope, parsimony, testability, and empirical validity - Correct Answer How do we
judge whether one explanation for crime is preferable to another?
Empirical Validity - Correct Answer describes how closely scores on a test correspond (correlate) with
behavior as measured in other contexts.
ex: phrenology and somatology theory: types of criminals that have different types of body/head shapes
- wide scope, parsimony(head/body shape), testable, logical consistency, no empirical validity
(correlation)
1. be willing to be proven wrong
2. peer review your work vs. popular social science or view - Correct Answer What are two things you
must be willing to do when creating a theory reaserach
correlation, time order, and ruling out spuriousness - Correct Answer elements of casual logic
correlation - Correct Answer A measure of the relationship between two variables
- When this positive this is positive
100% 2024
lenses through which to view crime - Correct Answer normative ,legal, medical, psychological, and
sociological
Normative lense - Correct Answer the right or wrong of a situation, the valuation of moral thoughts
legal lense - Correct Answer laws and rules of evidence, rules of statutory, proof beyond a reasonable
doubt or preponderance of evidence.
medical lense - Correct Answer addiction, treatment both psychological and physical
psychological lense - Correct Answer studies the psychological characteristics and traits of each
individual, cognitive thinking, more individual
sociological lense - Correct Answer most useful, crime is inherently sociological, group or social learning
from peers socially we make the laws.
descriptive theory - Correct Answer a theory that thoroughly describes a phenomenon, based on rich
observations of it.
- describing, concepts, and phenomenon
explanatory theory - Correct Answer a theory that has one or more causal hypotheses suggesting that a
particular independent variable causes a particular effect on the dependent variable
- proposition set of relationship
concepts - Correct Answer definitions of ideas
- stigmas, labeling, and deterrence
propostion - Correct Answer a proposed explanation
,Hypothesis - Correct Answer a testable theory making it more accurate
falsifiable - Correct Answer potential problems within the theory
micro - Correct Answer individuals typically in psychology
macro - Correct Answer institutional lenses of big population
meso - Correct Answer middle ground between individual and community- subculture
uses include potential reasoning of why crime occurs
limitations include forgetting about variables of diversity within a theory - Correct Answer the uses and
limitations of theoretical explanations at each level
logical consistency - Correct Answer no circular reasoning, tautology, post-hoc reasoning
no circular reasoning - Correct Answer Do not claim a fallacy in which the argument repeats the claim as
a way to provide evidence.
ex: evolution adaptive- rape within the population of menis not falsifiable
tautology - Correct Answer unnecessary repetition: explaining a reason with its self
ex: antisocial people commit crime
post hoc reasoning - Correct Answer - When you observe something and explain why it exists using a a
narrative.
- it must be this way because...
the fallacy where we believe that because one event follows another, the first must have been a cause
of the second.
scope - Correct Answer A theory about one specific crime or crime in general
, -just studying police use of force is a narrow -----.
- social learning theory is a large -----.
parsimony (Ocean's Razor) - Correct Answer - a simple theory of low complication
- ex: low self-controls allows for more crime
Testability - Correct Answer Ability of a hypothesis to be falsifiability, measurability and have lack of
confounding variables
measurability - Correct Answer elements such as murder rates, or homicide rates within a hypothesis
lack of confounding variables - Correct Answer limiting the number of elements that you do no measure
logical consistency, scope, parsimony, testability, and empirical validity - Correct Answer How do we
judge whether one explanation for crime is preferable to another?
Empirical Validity - Correct Answer describes how closely scores on a test correspond (correlate) with
behavior as measured in other contexts.
ex: phrenology and somatology theory: types of criminals that have different types of body/head shapes
- wide scope, parsimony(head/body shape), testable, logical consistency, no empirical validity
(correlation)
1. be willing to be proven wrong
2. peer review your work vs. popular social science or view - Correct Answer What are two things you
must be willing to do when creating a theory reaserach
correlation, time order, and ruling out spuriousness - Correct Answer elements of casual logic
correlation - Correct Answer A measure of the relationship between two variables
- When this positive this is positive
