ATI PHARMACOLOGY PROCTORED TEST BANK (2019)

The nurse is caring for a client who is hospitalized on a medical unit for a systemic infection. The client asks the nurse which defenses the body has against infection. Which physiologic barriers that protect the body against microorganisms should the nurse include in the response to the client? Select all that apply. A) The spleen B) Adequate urinary output C) Intact skin D) Generalized inflammation E) The thymus gland - Adequate urinary output Intact skin A client receives the yellow fever vaccine before traveling to the Amazon Basin and asks the nurse how the vaccine provides protection. Which responses by the nurse are most appropriate? Select all that apply. A) "Human macrophages engulf the weakened vaccine virus as if it is dangerous, and antigens stimulate the immune system to attack it." B) "In the lymph nodes, which are part of the lymphoid system, the macrophages present yellow fever antigens to T cells and B cells." C) "A response from yellow fever-specific T cells is activated. B cells secrete yellow fever antibodies." D) "The vaccine contains large amounts of protective antibodies that were produced in another host organism, so it provides immediate protection against yellow fever." E) "The initial weak infection is eliminated and the client is left with a supply of memory T and B cells for future protection against yellow fever." - "Human macrophages engulf the weakened vaccine virus as if it is dangerous, and antigens stimulate the immune system to attack it." "In the lymph nodes, which are part of the lymphoid system, the macrophages present yellow fever antigens to T cells and B cells." "A response from yellow fever-specific T cells is activated. B cells secrete yellow fever antibodies." "The initial weak infection is eliminated and the client is left with a supply of memory T and B cells for future protection against yellow fever." A nurse who works in the emergency department is providing care for a group of clients. Which client demonstrates a declining immune response that typically occurs with the aging process? A) An 88-year-old client with pneumonia who has a temperature of 99.5°F B) A 70-year-old client who has swelling and redness around an abdominal incision from an open appendectomy C) A 58-year-old client who complains of redness and itching after developing a rash from contact with poison ivy D) A 56-year-old client who has 8 mm induration at the site of a PPD skin test administered 72 hours earlier - An 88-year-old client with pneumonia who has a temperature of 99.5°F The nurse is conducting a physical assessment for a client with a compromised immune system. Which actions by the nurse are appropriate? Select all that apply. A) Assessing general appearance B) Recommending increased fluid intake C) Inspecting the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth D) Palpating the cervical lymph nodes E) Checking joint range of motion (ROM), including that of the spine - Assessing general appearance Inspecting the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth Palpating the cervical lymph nodes Checking joint range of motion (ROM), including that of the spine The nurse is caring for a client who has come to an urgent care clinic due to an arm infection. The client reports being bitten by a raccoon on a recent camping trip. Based on this data, which treatment option does the nurse anticipate for this client? A) Injection of rabies immunoglobulin only B) Administration of rabies vaccine only C) Both injection of rabies immunoglobulin and administration of rabies vaccine D) Neither injection of rabies immunoglobulin nor administration of rabies vaccine - Both injection of rabies immunoglobulin and administration of rabies vaccine The nurse is providing care to a client with a compromised immune system. Which independent nursing intervention is appropriate for the nurse to include in the client's plan of care? A) Educating the client on the importance of a nutritious diet B) Administering corticosteroids per order C) Prescribing prophylactic antibiotic therapy D) Recommending gene transfer therapy - Educating the client on the importance of a nutritious diet A nurse is caring for a client with who is experiencing leukocytosis. When providing care to this client, which action by the nurse is most appropriate? A) Instructing the client on the use of an electric razor and soft toothbrush B) Evaluating the client for bleeding and bruising C) Assessing the client for the source of infection D) Placing the client in reverse isolation - Assessing the client for the source of infection The nurse is providing care to an adolescent client who presents at the clinic for a routine health assessment. Which immunizations should the nurse anticipate administering to the client during this visit? Select all that apply. A) Herpes zoster vaccine B) Papillomavirus vaccine C) Rotavirus vaccine D) Meningococcal vaccine E) Hepatitis B vaccine - Papillomavirus vaccine Meningococcal vaccine Which of the following statements best explains why young children develop infections more often than older children and adolescents? A) Cell-mediated immunity doesn't achieve full function until a child is roughly 5 years old. B) The thymus doesn't begin to function until adolescence, so prior to this time, children don't produce enough T cells to adequately protect them from infectious agents. C) Children don't develop all of the immunoglobulins they need to protect against infection until they are about 6 or 7 years of age. D) Young children have comparatively small lymphoid tissues, which means they are less able to fight infection than are older children. - Children don't develop all of the immunoglobulins they need to protect against infection until they are about 6 or 7 years of age. Which of the following cells would be classified as granulocytes? A) Helper T cells B) Macrophages C) Natural killer (NK) cells D) Eosinophils - Eosinophils Three weeks after receiving a donor liver, a client begins to experience fever, tachycardia, right upper quadrant pain, and increased accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. The transplanted liver also becomes dangerously enlarged. In this scenario, the client is likely experiencing which of the following conditions? A) Hyperacute rejection B) Chronic rejection C) Acute rejection D) Delayed rejection - Acute rejection What is the largest lymphoid organ in the human body? A) Thymus gland B) Bone marrow C) Tonsils D) Spleen - Spleen Transfusion reactions and Rh incompatibility are both examples of which type of hypersensitivity reaction? A) Type I B) Type II C) Type III D) Type IV - Type II Why does breastfeeding confer some degree of passive immunity to an infant? A) The infant receives maternal antibodies via breastmilk, and these antibodies stimulate the infant's immune system to begin producing antibodies of its own. B) Consumption of breastmilk introduces certain antigens into the infant's body, thereby stimulating the infant's immune system to begin producing antibodies to these antigens. C) The infant receives maternal antibodies via breastmilk, and these antibodies provide the infant with immediate protection against specific antigens. D) Consumption of breastmilk introduces certain antigens into the infant's body, thereby stimulating the infant's immune system to begin producing antigens of its own. - The infant receives maternal antibodies via breastmilk, and these antibodies provide the infant with immediate protection against specific antigens. Development of leukopenia suggests that an individual A) is immunocompetent. B) is experiencing an infection somewhere in the body. C) may have suppressed bone marrow activity. D) has an abnormally high number of circulating leukocytes. - may have suppressed bone marrow activity. Once inside the body, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects and destroys several types of cells, including helper T cells. List each of the events in this process in the order in which they occur. A) Virus recognizes and invades helper T cell B) Viral RNA is acted upon by reverse transcriptase C) Viral DNA integrates with helper T cell DNA D) Virus disrupts cell membrane of helper T cell, leading to its destruction E) Virus sheds its protein coat - Virus recognizes and invades helper T cell Virus sheds its protein coat Viral RNA is acted upon by reverse transcriptase Viral DNA integrates with helper T cell DNA Virus disrupts cell membrane of helper T cell, leading to its destruction The nurse is caring for a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who is on antiretroviral therapy. The client complains of nausea, fever, severe diarrhea, and anorexia. Which of the following prescribed medications does the nurse anticipate in order to relieve the anorexia and stimulate the client's appetite? Select all that apply. A) Dronabinol (Marinol) B) Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT) C) Abacavir (Ziagen) D) Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) E) Megestrol (Megace) - Dronabinol (Marinol) Megestrol (Megace) Which of the following statements is false and should not be included in client teaching about how to reduce the risk of contracting HIV? A) Clients who will require blood transfusions during surgery should encourage their family members to donate the blood they will receive. B) The only totally safe sex practices are abstinence; long-term, mutually monogamous sexual relations between uninfected individuals; and mutual masturbation without direct contact. C) When possible, autologous transfusion is a good risk reduction strategy for clients who are undergoing surgery. D) Clients should use condoms during every sexual encounter involving vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse. - Clients who will require blood transfusions during surgery should encourage their family members to donate the blood they will receive. What is the most commonly observed opportunistic infection in clients with AIDS? A) Tuberculosis B) Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia C) Candida albicans infection D) Mycobacterium avium complex - Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who was recently diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The client states, "I don't plan on giving up sex just because I am HIV positive." Based on this data, which nursing diagnosis is the priority for this client? A) Risk for Infection B) Death Anxiety C) Deficient Knowledge D) Social Isolation - Deficient Knowledge The nurse is caring for a client who is newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The client asks the nurse whether there are ways to protect the client's life partner from getting the virus. After the nurse provides the client with teaching related to this topic, which statement on the part of the client would indicate a need for further education? A) "I know to use an oil-based lubricant to prevent spread of the virus to my partner." B) "I can still kiss and hug my partner to show affection." C) "I will not share my razor with my partner." D) "I know I have to practice safer sex with my partner by using a latex condom." - "I know to use an oil-based lubricant to prevent spread of the virus to my partner." The nurse is planning care for a pediatric client who is infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The nurse selects Risk for Infection as a priority nursing diagnosis for this client. Based on this nursing diagnosis, which actions by the nurse are appropriate? Select all that apply. A) Administering tuberculosis skin tests every 6 months B) Teaching proper food-handling techniques to the family C) Instructing on the importance of delaying vaccinations until adulthood D) Assessing the health status of all visitors E) Monitoring hand-washing techniques used by the family - Teaching proper foodhandling techniques to the family Assessing the health status of all visitors Monitoring hand-washing techniques used by the family The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who is newly diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which result would be considered potentially problematic and should be reported to the client's healthcare provider? A) CD4 cell count of 195/mm3 B) Viral load 6500 copies/mL C) Negative tuberculin skin test D) WBC count of 6500/mm3 - CD4 cell count of 195/mm3 A home health nurse is conducting home visits for several clients who are diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which client would the nurse see first? A) A client who is receiving lamivudine (Triumeq) because of a low CD4 cell count B) A client with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia who called the office this morning to report a new onset of fever, cough, and shortness of breath C) A client with wasting syndrome who needs dietary modifications and education regarding these changes D) A client who is receiving IV antibiotics daily for toxoplasmosis - A client with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia who called the office this morning to report a new onset of fever, cough, and shortness of breath A nurse is caring for a client with HIV who just learned she is several weeks pregnant. The client states that she is concerned about how her HIV diagnosis might affect the health of her child. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in her teaching for this client? A) "One way to reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to your child is to opt for vaginal birth rather than cesarean delivery." B) "Although infants can acquire HIV from their mothers at birth, the virus cannot cross the placenta during pregnancy." C) "Most HIV medications are safe during pregnancy, and taking them can reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to the fetus." D) "Women with HIV are no more likely than uninfected women to experience miscarriage or fetal loss." - "Most HIV medications are safe during pregnancy, and taking them can reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to the fetus." Which type of precaution should the nurse implement when providing direct care in the intensive care unit (ICU) to a client diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? A) Droplet B) Reverse C) Standard D) Contact - Standard A nurse is caring for a pediatric client who is receiving an infusion of intravenous antibiotic at the ambulatory clinic. Which clinical manifestation indicates that the client is experiencing a type I hypersensitivity reaction? A) Erythema B) Fever C) Joint pain D) Hypotension - Hypotension The nurse is assessing a client who is receiving IV antibiotics. Which item in the client's health history increases the risk for experiencing a hypersensitivity reaction? A) 26 years of age B) Caucasian race C) Previous antibiotic therapy D) Concurrent chronic illness - Previous antibiotic therapy The nurse is admitting a pediatric client to the hospital with a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt malfunction. When gathering the history, the nurse learns that the client received the shunt at birth after a meningocele repair. Based on this data, which product should be avoided when providing care to this client?