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LP with elevated RBCs and WBCs (mostly lymphocytes)
+ elevated temperature
+ FND
+ normal CT
EEG shows repetitive complexes over the right temporal region - ANSWER✅✅ HSV
encephalitis
- confirm dx via PCR of CSF for HSV
acute onset eye pain & headache
+ blurred vision
+ diffuse redness of conjunctiva w/ circumcorneal prominence
+ pupil is midrange and nonreactive to lgiht
Likely dx - ANSWER✅✅ Acute angle closure gluacoma
- tonemetry is next step in magement
, Treatment of Acute Angle Closure GLaucoma - ANSWER✅✅ = emergency use of
topical ophthalmic medications to reduce IOP
===> drugs may include a beta-blocker, an alpha agonist, and an agent to produce
miosis.
- suggest systemic medication to decrease IOP, which may include oral or
intravenous (IV) acetazolamide or IV mannitol
Once the acute attack is controlled, definitive treatment for angle-closure glaucoma
is a laser peripheral iridotomy to provide a small drainage hole through the iris.
Treatment of Carpal Tunnel - ANSWER✅✅ 1. wrist splint 2. anti-inflammatory meds
(NSAIDs)
3. local corticosteroid injection
4. surgical release
Treatment of Restless Leg syndrome - ANSWER✅✅ pramipexole or ropinirole
= Dopamine agonists
Boy with episodes of falling asleep during day
+ acute weakness of neck and knee muscles randomly
likely dx - ANSWER✅✅ Narcolespy
= Daytime sleepiness, Cataplexy
- cataplexy usually affects a group of muscles (ie: Knees buckling)
- Cataplexy is a sudden and transient episode of muscle weakness accompanied by
full conscious awareness, typically triggered by emotions such as laughing, crying, or
terror
Exam shows proptosis + opthalmoplegia + partial vision loss on right
= double vision,
+ headache
in setting os sinus infection... - ANSWER✅✅ Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
57 yo with fatigeue and AMS
- hx of vokda pints per day
- Liver LFTs are WNL
- BUN is normal
Large ascieties
Likely dx and treatment - ANSWER✅✅ Lactulose = Hepatic Encephalopathy
- INR >1.5 is indicator of late stage liver dz (not LFTs)
- lactulose binds ammonium
, immigrant
+ numb hands
+ mildy coarsened features
- loss of pinprick and light touch sesnation, esp. over tip of nose and ears
- common peroneal nerves feel thickened
Likely Dx - ANSWER✅✅ Leprosy
--> treat with rifampin + dapsone add colfazamine
WOman with intermittent numbness of left shin and foot
+ decreased sensation to pinprick over dorsal left foot and left lateral shin
+ weakened dorsiflexion
What is likely Dx and cause - ANSWER✅✅ Peroneal nerve damage
==> common in females from leg crossing
Treatment of Sciatica w/o Red Flag signs - ANSWER✅✅ for non urgent backpain:
= start with conservative treatment (NSAIDs + exercise) for 4 weeks. If things don't
improve, do imaging (XR/MRI)
Treatment of psychosis/hallucinations from higher dose levidopa therapy in a
parkinsons patient - ANSWER✅✅ Use low potency antipsychotics with minimal D2
antagonism: Quetiapine, Clozapine, Pimavanserin.
vs, not Haloperidol BC can make the Parkinson's worse
Most common locations of saccular aneurysm - ANSWER✅✅ Saccular aneurysms
are most common in the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) or anterior cerebral
artery (ACA) in men, whereas the junction of the ICA with the posterior
communicating artery (PCoA) is the most common site for saccular aneurysms in
women".
Urinary incontinence and paraplegia after falling 35 feet.
What is cause of the incontinence - ANSWER✅✅ Spinal shock
= occurs within 24 hrs of spinal cord injury results in loss of all reflexes and
autonomic dysreflexia.
Man gets pale and sweaty than collapses to floor
+ jerking/twitching movements of the extremities and trunk
+ recovers after and not confused
likely dx? - ANSWER✅✅ Sycope
- can have convulsions
- no post ictal state