Chapter 15 Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity
15.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) The most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens is the
A) mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.
B) mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. C) skin.
D) parenteral route.
E) All of these portals are used equally. Answer: A
Section: 15.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.1
2) The ability of some microbes, such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface
molecules and evade destruction by the host's antibodies is called
A) antigenic variation.
B) lysogenic conversion. C) virulence.
D) cytopathic effect. E) cytocidal effect. Answer: A
Section: 15.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.6
3) Most pathogens that gain access through the skin
A) can penetrate intact skin. B) just infect the skin itself.
C) enter through hair follicles and sweat ducts.
D) must adhere first while their invasive factors allow them to penetrate. E) must be injected.
Answer: C Section: 15.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.1
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4) The ID50 is
A) a measure of pathogenicity.
B) the dose that will cause an infection in 50 percent of the test population. C) the dose that
will kill some of the test population.
D) the dose that will cause an infection in some of the test population.
E) the dose that will kill 50 percent of the test population. Answer: B
Section: 15.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.2
5) All of the following contribute to a pathogen's invasiveness EXCEPT A) toxins.
B) capsules.
C) cell wall components. D) hyaluronidase.
E) coagulases. Answer: A
Section: 15.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.5
6) Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Leukocidins destroy neutrophils.
B) Hemolysins lyse red blood cells.
C) Hyaluronidase breaks down substances between cells. D) Kinase destroys fibrin clots.
E) Coagulase destroys blood clots. Answer: E
Section: 15.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.5
7) Which of the following statements about exotoxins is generally FALSE? A) They are
more potent than endotoxins.
B) They are composed of proteins. C) They are resistant to heat.
D) They have specific methods of action.
E) They are produced by gram-positive bacteria. Answer: C
Section: 15.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
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ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.11
8) Endotoxins are
A) associated with gram-positive bacteria. B) molecules that bind nerve cells.
C) part of the gram-negative cell wall.
D) excreted from the cell. E) A-B toxins. Answer: C Section: 15.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.11
9) Which of the following is NOT a membrane-disrupting toxin? A) A-B toxin
B) hemolysin
C) leukocidin
D) streptolysin O E) streptolysin S Answer: A Section: 15.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.11
10) Cytopathic effects are changes in host cells due to
A) viral infections.
B) protozoan infections. C) fungal infections.
D) bacterial infections.
E) helminthic infections. Answer: A
Section: 15.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.15
11) Which disease-associated fungi or fungal characteristics are mismatched? A) ergot -
sclerotia
B) trichothecenes - inhibit protein synthesis
C) Cryptococcus neoformans - capsules
D) Claviceps purpura - aflatoxin
E) Amantia - neurotoxin
Answer: D
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15.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) The most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens is the
A) mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.
B) mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. C) skin.
D) parenteral route.
E) All of these portals are used equally. Answer: A
Section: 15.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.1
2) The ability of some microbes, such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface
molecules and evade destruction by the host's antibodies is called
A) antigenic variation.
B) lysogenic conversion. C) virulence.
D) cytopathic effect. E) cytocidal effect. Answer: A
Section: 15.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.6
3) Most pathogens that gain access through the skin
A) can penetrate intact skin. B) just infect the skin itself.
C) enter through hair follicles and sweat ducts.
D) must adhere first while their invasive factors allow them to penetrate. E) must be injected.
Answer: C Section: 15.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.1
266
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4) The ID50 is
A) a measure of pathogenicity.
B) the dose that will cause an infection in 50 percent of the test population. C) the dose that
will kill some of the test population.
D) the dose that will cause an infection in some of the test population.
E) the dose that will kill 50 percent of the test population. Answer: B
Section: 15.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.2
5) All of the following contribute to a pathogen's invasiveness EXCEPT A) toxins.
B) capsules.
C) cell wall components. D) hyaluronidase.
E) coagulases. Answer: A
Section: 15.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.5
6) Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Leukocidins destroy neutrophils.
B) Hemolysins lyse red blood cells.
C) Hyaluronidase breaks down substances between cells. D) Kinase destroys fibrin clots.
E) Coagulase destroys blood clots. Answer: E
Section: 15.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.5
7) Which of the following statements about exotoxins is generally FALSE? A) They are
more potent than endotoxins.
B) They are composed of proteins. C) They are resistant to heat.
D) They have specific methods of action.
E) They are produced by gram-positive bacteria. Answer: C
Section: 15.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
267
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ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.11
8) Endotoxins are
A) associated with gram-positive bacteria. B) molecules that bind nerve cells.
C) part of the gram-negative cell wall.
D) excreted from the cell. E) A-B toxins. Answer: C Section: 15.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.11
9) Which of the following is NOT a membrane-disrupting toxin? A) A-B toxin
B) hemolysin
C) leukocidin
D) streptolysin O E) streptolysin S Answer: A Section: 15.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.11
10) Cytopathic effects are changes in host cells due to
A) viral infections.
B) protozoan infections. C) fungal infections.
D) bacterial infections.
E) helminthic infections. Answer: A
Section: 15.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
ASMcue Outcome: 5.4
Learning Outcome: 15.15
11) Which disease-associated fungi or fungal characteristics are mismatched? A) ergot -
sclerotia
B) trichothecenes - inhibit protein synthesis
C) Cryptococcus neoformans - capsules
D) Claviceps purpura - aflatoxin
E) Amantia - neurotoxin
Answer: D
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