Chapter 18 Practical Applications of Immunology
18.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) All of the following are generally used in vaccines EXCEPT A) toxoids.
B) parts of bacterial cells. C) live, attenuated viruses. D) inactivated viruses.
E) antibodies. Answer: E Section: 18.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
ASMcue Outcome: 6.3
Learning Outcome: 18.3.
2) Patient's serum, influenza virus, and red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if
the patient has antibodies against influenza virus?
A) agglutination
B) hemagglutination
C) complement fixation
D) hemolysis
E) hemagglutination-inhibition
Answer: E Section: 18.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
ASMcue Outcome: 6.3
Learning Outcome: 18.14
Global Outcome: 2
3) A patient shows the presence of antibodies against diphtheria toxin. Which of the
following statements is FALSE?
A) The patient may have the disease.
B) The patient may have had the disease and has recovered. C) The patient may have been
vaccinated.
D) A recent transfusion may have passively introduced the antibodies.
E) The patient was near someone who had the disease. Answer: E
Section: 18.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
Learning Outcome: 18.5
Global Outcome: 2
, lO M oA 4 4 70 89
4) In an agglutination test, eight serial dilutions to determine antibody titer were set up. Tube
#1 contained a 1:2 dilution; tube #2, a 1:4, etc. If tube #6 is the last tube showing
agglutination, what is the antibody titer?
A) 6
B) 1:6
C) 64
D) 1:32
E) 32
Answer: C Section: 18.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
Learning Outcome: 18.11
Global Outcome: 4
5) An ELISA for Hepatitis C has 95 percent sensitivity and 90 percent specificity. This means
that the test
A) detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results. B)
detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results. C)
detects 90 percent of the true positive samples and has 5 percent false positive results. D)
detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results. E)
detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results.
Answer: A
Section: 18.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 18.8
Global Outcome: 2
6) Which of the following are sources of antibodies for serological testing? A) vaccinated
animals
B) cells producing monoclonal antibodies
C) viral cultures
D) vaccinated animals and cells producing monoclonal antibodies
E) vaccinated animals, cells producing monoclonal antibodies, and viral cultures Answer: D
Section: 18.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 18.9
7) A reaction between an antibody and soluble antigen, forming larger, interlocking
molecular lattices, is called a(n) A) agglutination reaction.
B) complement fixation. C) immunofluorescence. D) neutralization reaction. E) precipitation
reaction. Answer: E
Section: 18.2
, lO M oA 4 4 70 89
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
Learning Outcome: 18.10
8) A reaction between antibody and particulate antigen is called a(n ) A) agglutination
reaction.
B) complement fixation. C) immunofluorescence. D) neutralization reaction. E) precipitation
reaction. Answer: A
Section: 18.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
Learning Outcome: 18.12
9) A reaction that uses the absence of hemolysis of red blood cells to indicate an antigen–
antibody reaction is called a(n) A) agglutination reaction.
B) complement fixation. C) immunofluorescence. D) neutralization reaction. E) precipitation
reaction. Answer: B
Section: 18.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
Learning Outcome: 18.16
10) A DNA plasmid encoding a protein antigen from West Nile virus is injected into muscle
cells of a horse. This is an example of a(n) A) subunit vaccine.
B) conjugated vaccine. C) nucleic acid vaccine.
D) attenuated whole-agent vaccine. E) live whole-agent vaccine. Answer: C
Section: 18.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
ASMcue Outcome: 4.4
Learning Outcome: 18.4
11) Toxoid vaccines, such as the vaccines against diphtheria and tetanus, elicit a(n ) A) TC
cell response.
B) immune complex.
C) dendritic cell proliferation.
D) antibody response against these bacterial toxins. E) antibody response against gram-
positive bacteria. Answer: D
18.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) All of the following are generally used in vaccines EXCEPT A) toxoids.
B) parts of bacterial cells. C) live, attenuated viruses. D) inactivated viruses.
E) antibodies. Answer: E Section: 18.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
ASMcue Outcome: 6.3
Learning Outcome: 18.3.
2) Patient's serum, influenza virus, and red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if
the patient has antibodies against influenza virus?
A) agglutination
B) hemagglutination
C) complement fixation
D) hemolysis
E) hemagglutination-inhibition
Answer: E Section: 18.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
ASMcue Outcome: 6.3
Learning Outcome: 18.14
Global Outcome: 2
3) A patient shows the presence of antibodies against diphtheria toxin. Which of the
following statements is FALSE?
A) The patient may have the disease.
B) The patient may have had the disease and has recovered. C) The patient may have been
vaccinated.
D) A recent transfusion may have passively introduced the antibodies.
E) The patient was near someone who had the disease. Answer: E
Section: 18.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
Learning Outcome: 18.5
Global Outcome: 2
, lO M oA 4 4 70 89
4) In an agglutination test, eight serial dilutions to determine antibody titer were set up. Tube
#1 contained a 1:2 dilution; tube #2, a 1:4, etc. If tube #6 is the last tube showing
agglutination, what is the antibody titer?
A) 6
B) 1:6
C) 64
D) 1:32
E) 32
Answer: C Section: 18.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
Learning Outcome: 18.11
Global Outcome: 4
5) An ELISA for Hepatitis C has 95 percent sensitivity and 90 percent specificity. This means
that the test
A) detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results. B)
detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results. C)
detects 90 percent of the true positive samples and has 5 percent false positive results. D)
detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results. E)
detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results.
Answer: A
Section: 18.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 18.8
Global Outcome: 2
6) Which of the following are sources of antibodies for serological testing? A) vaccinated
animals
B) cells producing monoclonal antibodies
C) viral cultures
D) vaccinated animals and cells producing monoclonal antibodies
E) vaccinated animals, cells producing monoclonal antibodies, and viral cultures Answer: D
Section: 18.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 18.9
7) A reaction between an antibody and soluble antigen, forming larger, interlocking
molecular lattices, is called a(n) A) agglutination reaction.
B) complement fixation. C) immunofluorescence. D) neutralization reaction. E) precipitation
reaction. Answer: E
Section: 18.2
, lO M oA 4 4 70 89
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
Learning Outcome: 18.10
8) A reaction between antibody and particulate antigen is called a(n ) A) agglutination
reaction.
B) complement fixation. C) immunofluorescence. D) neutralization reaction. E) precipitation
reaction. Answer: A
Section: 18.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
Learning Outcome: 18.12
9) A reaction that uses the absence of hemolysis of red blood cells to indicate an antigen–
antibody reaction is called a(n) A) agglutination reaction.
B) complement fixation. C) immunofluorescence. D) neutralization reaction. E) precipitation
reaction. Answer: B
Section: 18.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
Learning Outcome: 18.16
10) A DNA plasmid encoding a protein antigen from West Nile virus is injected into muscle
cells of a horse. This is an example of a(n) A) subunit vaccine.
B) conjugated vaccine. C) nucleic acid vaccine.
D) attenuated whole-agent vaccine. E) live whole-agent vaccine. Answer: C
Section: 18.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
ASMcue Outcome: 4.4
Learning Outcome: 18.4
11) Toxoid vaccines, such as the vaccines against diphtheria and tetanus, elicit a(n ) A) TC
cell response.
B) immune complex.
C) dendritic cell proliferation.
D) antibody response against these bacterial toxins. E) antibody response against gram-
positive bacteria. Answer: D
