Mmbio 221 Robinson BYU final exam|
315 Questions with Solutions
Edward Jenner - -Developed small pox immunization using cowpox agent
- Paul Ehrlich - -sought a " magic bullet" to destroy pathogens
- Alexander Fleming - -discovered penicillin
- Joseph Lister - -Pioneered aseptic surgery
- John Snow - -father of epidemiology (cholera in London)
- Ignaz Semmelweis - -Pioneered asepsis by discovering that hand washing
prevented streptococcal infections in obstetric patients
- Robert Koch - -Pioneered the cultivation of bacteria on solid media
- Louis Pasteur - -Disproved the theory of spontaneous generation of
microorganisms with swan-necked flasks
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) - -First person to see bacteria
- Francesco Redi - -disproved the theory of spontaneous generation of flies
from meat; father of the scientific method
- Protozoa - -The microorganism that is known for and classified by its
variety of locomotive structures
- Fungi - -Can be yeast and can be molds
- Carl Woese - -The person who proposed that all cellular life belongs to one
of the three domains-bacteria, archaea, eukarya- based upon rna sequences
- hydrogen ion (H+) - -A typical cell membrane is LEAST permeable to this
- Algae - -Responsible for red tides involved in shellfish poisoning
- Fímbriae - -Short, numerous, non-motile projections used for adherence
- Flagella - -Made of tubulou in eukaryotes
- axial filaments - -responsible for motility of spirochetes
,- Pili - -Have a central role in conjugation
- Glycocalyx - -Means sugar cup, most often composed of polysaccharides
- Mitochondrion - -The endosymbiotic theory explains it's origin in the cell
- Ribosomes - -Composed of RNA and protein, major role in protein
synthesis
- peptidoglycan - -Polysaccharide chains cross linked by short peptides
- cell menbrane - -The main permeability barrier of the cell
- Endóspore - -Resting structure built for survival in harsh conditions
- Characteristics of Prokaryotic flagella - --They can rotate 360 degrees
-A "run" results from counterclockwise rotation wherein peritrichous flagella
coalesce
-They are rigid protein helices
-They are anchored to the cell wall by a basal body
- Substances that ARE associated with bacterial cell walls - --peptidoglycan
-Lipoteichoic
-lipopolysaccharides
-Tetrapeptide cross-links containing both D- and L- amino acids
- teichoic acids - -Gram-positive bacteria ONLY
- Lipopolysaccharide - -gram-negative bacteria ONLY
- Type of bacteria that peptidoglycan is - -Gram-negative, gram positive,
AND Acid-fast bacteria
- mycolic acid - -acid fast bacteria
- Lipid A - -Gram-negative bacteria only
- What types of bacteria will appear blue after and acid fast stain? - -Gram-
positive and gram-negative bacteria
- cell wall - -Cells of the genus Mycoplasma lack what?
- When does crenation happen? - -when A red blood cell is placed into a
hypertonic solution
, - when does lysis occur? - -When a red blood cell is placed into a hypotonic
solution
- When does plasmolysis occur? - -When a plant cell is placed in a
hypertonic solution
- nothing happens when a plant cell is placed into a hypotonic solution - -
True
- Nothing happens when a red blood cell is placed into an isotonic solution -
-True
- 500 nm - -is equivalent to an object that measures 0.5 um
- Resolution - -Empty magnification results from increasing magnification
without increasing the...
- symport - -When the gradient in a typical proton is used to power the
transport of lactose INTO the cell.
- Confocal, differential interference contrast, and scanning electron - -The
microscopes that are capable of generating a three-dimensional image of a
specimen
- The color of a gram-positive cell immediately following the primary stain -
-purple
- The color of a gram-negative cell immediately following decolorization - -
colorless
- the color of gram-negative cells immediately following the primary stain - -
Purple
- The color of gram-positive cells immediately following the counterstain - -
purple
- endospore stain - -Malachite green is associated with which staining
process?
- The reason visible light is relatively limited in its usefulness for
microscopy? - -its wavelength is too long to enable high resolution of very
small objects
- Basic (positively charged chromophores) - -Most stains that stain bacteria
well are classified as what?
315 Questions with Solutions
Edward Jenner - -Developed small pox immunization using cowpox agent
- Paul Ehrlich - -sought a " magic bullet" to destroy pathogens
- Alexander Fleming - -discovered penicillin
- Joseph Lister - -Pioneered aseptic surgery
- John Snow - -father of epidemiology (cholera in London)
- Ignaz Semmelweis - -Pioneered asepsis by discovering that hand washing
prevented streptococcal infections in obstetric patients
- Robert Koch - -Pioneered the cultivation of bacteria on solid media
- Louis Pasteur - -Disproved the theory of spontaneous generation of
microorganisms with swan-necked flasks
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) - -First person to see bacteria
- Francesco Redi - -disproved the theory of spontaneous generation of flies
from meat; father of the scientific method
- Protozoa - -The microorganism that is known for and classified by its
variety of locomotive structures
- Fungi - -Can be yeast and can be molds
- Carl Woese - -The person who proposed that all cellular life belongs to one
of the three domains-bacteria, archaea, eukarya- based upon rna sequences
- hydrogen ion (H+) - -A typical cell membrane is LEAST permeable to this
- Algae - -Responsible for red tides involved in shellfish poisoning
- Fímbriae - -Short, numerous, non-motile projections used for adherence
- Flagella - -Made of tubulou in eukaryotes
- axial filaments - -responsible for motility of spirochetes
,- Pili - -Have a central role in conjugation
- Glycocalyx - -Means sugar cup, most often composed of polysaccharides
- Mitochondrion - -The endosymbiotic theory explains it's origin in the cell
- Ribosomes - -Composed of RNA and protein, major role in protein
synthesis
- peptidoglycan - -Polysaccharide chains cross linked by short peptides
- cell menbrane - -The main permeability barrier of the cell
- Endóspore - -Resting structure built for survival in harsh conditions
- Characteristics of Prokaryotic flagella - --They can rotate 360 degrees
-A "run" results from counterclockwise rotation wherein peritrichous flagella
coalesce
-They are rigid protein helices
-They are anchored to the cell wall by a basal body
- Substances that ARE associated with bacterial cell walls - --peptidoglycan
-Lipoteichoic
-lipopolysaccharides
-Tetrapeptide cross-links containing both D- and L- amino acids
- teichoic acids - -Gram-positive bacteria ONLY
- Lipopolysaccharide - -gram-negative bacteria ONLY
- Type of bacteria that peptidoglycan is - -Gram-negative, gram positive,
AND Acid-fast bacteria
- mycolic acid - -acid fast bacteria
- Lipid A - -Gram-negative bacteria only
- What types of bacteria will appear blue after and acid fast stain? - -Gram-
positive and gram-negative bacteria
- cell wall - -Cells of the genus Mycoplasma lack what?
- When does crenation happen? - -when A red blood cell is placed into a
hypertonic solution
, - when does lysis occur? - -When a red blood cell is placed into a hypotonic
solution
- When does plasmolysis occur? - -When a plant cell is placed in a
hypertonic solution
- nothing happens when a plant cell is placed into a hypotonic solution - -
True
- Nothing happens when a red blood cell is placed into an isotonic solution -
-True
- 500 nm - -is equivalent to an object that measures 0.5 um
- Resolution - -Empty magnification results from increasing magnification
without increasing the...
- symport - -When the gradient in a typical proton is used to power the
transport of lactose INTO the cell.
- Confocal, differential interference contrast, and scanning electron - -The
microscopes that are capable of generating a three-dimensional image of a
specimen
- The color of a gram-positive cell immediately following the primary stain -
-purple
- The color of a gram-negative cell immediately following decolorization - -
colorless
- the color of gram-negative cells immediately following the primary stain - -
Purple
- The color of gram-positive cells immediately following the counterstain - -
purple
- endospore stain - -Malachite green is associated with which staining
process?
- The reason visible light is relatively limited in its usefulness for
microscopy? - -its wavelength is too long to enable high resolution of very
small objects
- Basic (positively charged chromophores) - -Most stains that stain bacteria
well are classified as what?
