MMBIO 221 final exam |80 Questions
with Answers
Clostridium botulinum - -diseases: food bourne botulism, infant botulism,
wound botulism. Caused by ingesting preformed toxin
- Bacillus anthracis - -diseases: anthrax (inhalation, gastointestinal,
cutaneous);
caused by spores through inhalation, breaks in skin and ingestion
- bacillus cereus - -food poisoning
- Clostridium perfringens - -diseases: food poisoning, gas gangrene
treated with hyperbaric oxygen
- Clostridioides difficile - -C. diff, produces C. difficile transferase (CDT) and
kills eosinophils
- Clostridium tetani - -diseases: Tetanus, lockjaw
caused by toxin produced in organisms growing in an anaerobic environment
- enterococcus species - -used to be group d strep, E faecalis and E
faecium, no capsule, resistant to antibiotics, UTIS, bacteremia, wound
infections
- streptococcus pyogenes - -cocci in pairs and chains, classified by
lancefield antigen, strep A, m protein messes with complement, hyaluronic
acid capsule hides bacteria from leukocytes, streptokinases, break down
blood clots, deoxyribonucleases, C5a peptidase, hyaluronidase, pyrogenic
toxins, infects pharynx/skin, causes strep throat, rheumatic fever, scarlet
feer, pyoderma (pus), erysipelas and cellulitis, TSS, necrotizing fasciitis,
glomerulonephritis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae - -no lancefield, cocci in pairs, polysaccharide
capsules, phosphocholine, adhesin proteins, secretory IgA protease,
pneumolysin, present in mouths and pharynx. Diseases: pneumococcal
pneumonia, sinusitis and otitis media, bacteremia and endocarditis,
pneumococcal meningitis
- Viridans streptococci - -not grouped by lancefield, alpha hemolytic, strep
mutans, mostly dental caries
- Streptococcus agalactiae - -group B, cocci that form chains, wound
infections, neonatal diseases, beta hemolytic (less than group a)
, - Staphylococcus aureus - --opportunistic, live on skin (halotolerant)more
virulent
-escapes phagocytosis (protein A, binds to IgG), bound coagulase (clots and
hides), capsules (used to prevent phagocytosis) produces enzymes
(coagulase, hyaluronidase (enables spread), staphylokinase (breaks up
clots), B-lactamase (resistance to beta lactams) and toxins (cytolytic (kills
cells), exfoliative (skin peels off), TSS, enterotoxins (food poisoning)
-disease: food poisoning, impetigo, folliculitis, scalded skin, TSS
- Staphylococcus epidermidis - -opportunistic, prevalent on skin, rarely
causes infections, halotolerant,has a capsule and catalase
- Listeria monocytogenes - -infections (harmful for pregnant women),
listeriosis
Produces no toxin or enzymes, virulence related to ability to live within cells,
can multiply at fridge temps
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae - -diseases: walking pneumonia (primary
atypical);
no cell wall, pleomorphic, plasma membrane, smallest free living microbes,
need cholesterol to grow
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae - -diseases: diphtheria;
mycolic acid in celll wall, waxy lipid, acid fast
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis - -diseases: tuberculosis;
pasteurization of milk and isolation in sanatoriums reduced it
- M. leprae - -diseases: Hansen's disease (leprosy), tuberculoid leprosy
(nonprogressive) and lepromatous leprosy
can redifferentiate human cells
- M. ulcerans - -diseases: burui ulcer;
produces mycolactone
- Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes - -causes acne
- Nocardia - -
- actinomyces - -
with Answers
Clostridium botulinum - -diseases: food bourne botulism, infant botulism,
wound botulism. Caused by ingesting preformed toxin
- Bacillus anthracis - -diseases: anthrax (inhalation, gastointestinal,
cutaneous);
caused by spores through inhalation, breaks in skin and ingestion
- bacillus cereus - -food poisoning
- Clostridium perfringens - -diseases: food poisoning, gas gangrene
treated with hyperbaric oxygen
- Clostridioides difficile - -C. diff, produces C. difficile transferase (CDT) and
kills eosinophils
- Clostridium tetani - -diseases: Tetanus, lockjaw
caused by toxin produced in organisms growing in an anaerobic environment
- enterococcus species - -used to be group d strep, E faecalis and E
faecium, no capsule, resistant to antibiotics, UTIS, bacteremia, wound
infections
- streptococcus pyogenes - -cocci in pairs and chains, classified by
lancefield antigen, strep A, m protein messes with complement, hyaluronic
acid capsule hides bacteria from leukocytes, streptokinases, break down
blood clots, deoxyribonucleases, C5a peptidase, hyaluronidase, pyrogenic
toxins, infects pharynx/skin, causes strep throat, rheumatic fever, scarlet
feer, pyoderma (pus), erysipelas and cellulitis, TSS, necrotizing fasciitis,
glomerulonephritis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae - -no lancefield, cocci in pairs, polysaccharide
capsules, phosphocholine, adhesin proteins, secretory IgA protease,
pneumolysin, present in mouths and pharynx. Diseases: pneumococcal
pneumonia, sinusitis and otitis media, bacteremia and endocarditis,
pneumococcal meningitis
- Viridans streptococci - -not grouped by lancefield, alpha hemolytic, strep
mutans, mostly dental caries
- Streptococcus agalactiae - -group B, cocci that form chains, wound
infections, neonatal diseases, beta hemolytic (less than group a)
, - Staphylococcus aureus - --opportunistic, live on skin (halotolerant)more
virulent
-escapes phagocytosis (protein A, binds to IgG), bound coagulase (clots and
hides), capsules (used to prevent phagocytosis) produces enzymes
(coagulase, hyaluronidase (enables spread), staphylokinase (breaks up
clots), B-lactamase (resistance to beta lactams) and toxins (cytolytic (kills
cells), exfoliative (skin peels off), TSS, enterotoxins (food poisoning)
-disease: food poisoning, impetigo, folliculitis, scalded skin, TSS
- Staphylococcus epidermidis - -opportunistic, prevalent on skin, rarely
causes infections, halotolerant,has a capsule and catalase
- Listeria monocytogenes - -infections (harmful for pregnant women),
listeriosis
Produces no toxin or enzymes, virulence related to ability to live within cells,
can multiply at fridge temps
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae - -diseases: walking pneumonia (primary
atypical);
no cell wall, pleomorphic, plasma membrane, smallest free living microbes,
need cholesterol to grow
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae - -diseases: diphtheria;
mycolic acid in celll wall, waxy lipid, acid fast
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis - -diseases: tuberculosis;
pasteurization of milk and isolation in sanatoriums reduced it
- M. leprae - -diseases: Hansen's disease (leprosy), tuberculoid leprosy
(nonprogressive) and lepromatous leprosy
can redifferentiate human cells
- M. ulcerans - -diseases: burui ulcer;
produces mycolactone
- Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes - -causes acne
- Nocardia - -
- actinomyces - -
