MMBIO 221 Exam 1 Practice Quizzes |172
Questions and Answers 100% Scores
The figure below represents the cases of typhoid fever in the United States
for the years 1983-2013. Regarding the number of cases in the United
States, what can we say about this disease? - -Typhoid fever in the United
States is endemic
- A case in an outbreak of dysentery was defined as a patient in a
psychiatric rehabilitation center in Taipei, Taiwan, who had diarrhea (loose
stools three and more times a day in the past week and who had tested
positive for the dysentery bacillus, Shigella sonnei, and that had blood in the
feces. For precise analysis of the outbreak, what additional information is
needed for a proper case definition? - -No further information is needed for
the case definition
- An Escherichia coli O26 (STEC O26) outbreak in 9 states (not Utah,
fortunately!) during 2015. An epidemic curve, shown below, represents the
number of people infected by date of illness onset. What kind of epidemic is
indicated by the data? (Graph rapid increase and rapid decrease over about
a few weeks) - -Common-source outbreak
- According to the WHO 2016 World Malaria Report, the incidence of malaria
in Burundi, a small country in Africa about the size of Massachusetts,
increased more than 50 percent from 2010 to 2015.Which term best
describes this disease? - -Epidemic
- The figure shows the cases of measles in an outbreak at the end of 2007
through the beginning of 2008. What kind of outbreak does this figure
indicate? (graph with a gradual increase over several months) - -Propagated
outbreak
- During 2015, state health departments reported a total of 20,762 cases of
pertussis to CDC. This statement reflects which epidemiological statistic? - -
Prevalence
- In 2009, influenza H1N1 infected 94,512 individuals globally with 429
deaths attributed to the disease. What term best describes this outbreak? - -
Pandemic
- Consider Figure 1 (below.) What kind of outbreak is indicated by the data?
- -Common-source outbreak
, - An outbreak of botulism was investigated in Argentina. The case definition
was defined as a patient presenting at a clinic with blurred vision, double
vision, drooping eyelids, and problems swallowing. Patients should have
eaten at a specific restaurant during the past 72 hours. Supposing a patient
presents at the clinic with symptoms but reports not to have eaten at the
restaurant. What kind of case would this be defined as? - -Suspected case
- The figure shows the cases of measles in an outbreak from the end of 2007
through the beginning of 2008. What kind of outbreak does this figure
indicate? (graph with a gradual increase over several months) - -Propagated
outbreak
- A 65-year old person presented to his primary care physician in Walton,
New York, with fever, muscle aches, headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of
balance, and convulsions. He reported having eaten soft cheese made by a
local creamery over the past week. That he had eaten food produced by this
creamery met the case definition for an outbreak of listeriosis. A stool
sample taken from the patient tested positive for Listeria monocytogenes.
What kind of case would this be defined as? - -Confirmed case
- Investigators defined a confirmed case of botulism as a bus driver with a
serum or stool sample that demonstrated botulinum toxin or yielded
Clostridium botulinum with onset of symptoms such as acute cranial nerve
dysfunction (e.g., blurred vision, double vision, drooping eyelids, problems
swallowing) between January 5 and 15. For precise analysis of the outbreak,
what additional information is needed for a proper case definition? - -The
town, institution or venue, and activity of those affected by the outbreak
- Between July 2005 and September 2010, 1,032 new cases of pertussis
were identified. This statement reflects which epidemiological statistic? - -
Incidence
- A new study from Columbia University School of Nursing supports a
growing body of evidence that women are less likely to contract bloodstream
or surgical site infections than their male counterparts. With which part of
the epidemiological triangle is this information associated? - -Host
- Herpes infections usually begin with pain, itching, or tingling. The pain is
typically described as muscle or toothache-like but which can become more
intense as the infection progresses. What term describes the period is best
associated with the time before the onset of vesicular lesions more often
associated with the disease? - -Prodrome
- Under what conditions might a very low dose of infectious microbes
produce disease in a healthy host? - -When the microbes are highly virulent
, - The threat of a cholera outbreak in Ghana began recently when waste and
refuse engulfed the nation's capital, Accra. With which part of the
epidemiological triangle do you propose is this information is associated? - -
Environment
- Cholera is a disease that causes profuse watery diarrhea. It is acquired
when water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae is ingested and the bacteria
release a toxin that causes hyper-secretion of water into the gut. Bacteria
are then released into the environment. This last step in the cycle of
infection is described by which term? - -Portal of Exit
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a bacterium that infects the upper
respiratory tract of humans. Which part of the cycle of infection is the upper
respiratory tract? - -Portal of Entry
- Chikungunya virus is transmitted to humans by mosquito. Considering
transmission of this virus, what is the portal of entry? - -The skin
- Some individuals of European descent possess variants in the complement
factor H (CFH) gene that make them more likely to contract meningococcal
disease. Which of the following most impacts the host's chance of acquiring
this disease? - -Genetic predisposition
- A microbiologist attempted to determine the cause of an infectious
disease. She first took blood samples from a diseased animal and used the
blood to inoculate a susceptible animal and, as expected, the animal died.
She concluded that the disease was caused by a microbe that she isolated
later from the susceptible animal. Why might she be in error? - -A pure
culture of a suspected pathogen should be isolated first, then used to
inoculate a susceptible animal.
- Which of the following is most likely to have severe clinical disease? - -A
normal host infected with a microbe that is highly virulent.
- A primary pathogen is capable of causing an infectious disease in a healthy
human. A disease, like influenza, is one of these and is considered highly
virulent. What other factors contribute to the outcome of the severity of the
infectious disease? - -Infectious dose and host resistance
- Rubella has an incubation period of 12-23 days, but the symptoms last
only about 3-7 days. With which part of the epidemiological triangle is this
information associated? - -Time
- Trypanosoma rhodesiense is a protist and the causative agent of East
African Sleeping Sickness. It is spread between cattle and other mammals,
including humans when they are bitten by an infected tsetse fly (Glossina
Questions and Answers 100% Scores
The figure below represents the cases of typhoid fever in the United States
for the years 1983-2013. Regarding the number of cases in the United
States, what can we say about this disease? - -Typhoid fever in the United
States is endemic
- A case in an outbreak of dysentery was defined as a patient in a
psychiatric rehabilitation center in Taipei, Taiwan, who had diarrhea (loose
stools three and more times a day in the past week and who had tested
positive for the dysentery bacillus, Shigella sonnei, and that had blood in the
feces. For precise analysis of the outbreak, what additional information is
needed for a proper case definition? - -No further information is needed for
the case definition
- An Escherichia coli O26 (STEC O26) outbreak in 9 states (not Utah,
fortunately!) during 2015. An epidemic curve, shown below, represents the
number of people infected by date of illness onset. What kind of epidemic is
indicated by the data? (Graph rapid increase and rapid decrease over about
a few weeks) - -Common-source outbreak
- According to the WHO 2016 World Malaria Report, the incidence of malaria
in Burundi, a small country in Africa about the size of Massachusetts,
increased more than 50 percent from 2010 to 2015.Which term best
describes this disease? - -Epidemic
- The figure shows the cases of measles in an outbreak at the end of 2007
through the beginning of 2008. What kind of outbreak does this figure
indicate? (graph with a gradual increase over several months) - -Propagated
outbreak
- During 2015, state health departments reported a total of 20,762 cases of
pertussis to CDC. This statement reflects which epidemiological statistic? - -
Prevalence
- In 2009, influenza H1N1 infected 94,512 individuals globally with 429
deaths attributed to the disease. What term best describes this outbreak? - -
Pandemic
- Consider Figure 1 (below.) What kind of outbreak is indicated by the data?
- -Common-source outbreak
, - An outbreak of botulism was investigated in Argentina. The case definition
was defined as a patient presenting at a clinic with blurred vision, double
vision, drooping eyelids, and problems swallowing. Patients should have
eaten at a specific restaurant during the past 72 hours. Supposing a patient
presents at the clinic with symptoms but reports not to have eaten at the
restaurant. What kind of case would this be defined as? - -Suspected case
- The figure shows the cases of measles in an outbreak from the end of 2007
through the beginning of 2008. What kind of outbreak does this figure
indicate? (graph with a gradual increase over several months) - -Propagated
outbreak
- A 65-year old person presented to his primary care physician in Walton,
New York, with fever, muscle aches, headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of
balance, and convulsions. He reported having eaten soft cheese made by a
local creamery over the past week. That he had eaten food produced by this
creamery met the case definition for an outbreak of listeriosis. A stool
sample taken from the patient tested positive for Listeria monocytogenes.
What kind of case would this be defined as? - -Confirmed case
- Investigators defined a confirmed case of botulism as a bus driver with a
serum or stool sample that demonstrated botulinum toxin or yielded
Clostridium botulinum with onset of symptoms such as acute cranial nerve
dysfunction (e.g., blurred vision, double vision, drooping eyelids, problems
swallowing) between January 5 and 15. For precise analysis of the outbreak,
what additional information is needed for a proper case definition? - -The
town, institution or venue, and activity of those affected by the outbreak
- Between July 2005 and September 2010, 1,032 new cases of pertussis
were identified. This statement reflects which epidemiological statistic? - -
Incidence
- A new study from Columbia University School of Nursing supports a
growing body of evidence that women are less likely to contract bloodstream
or surgical site infections than their male counterparts. With which part of
the epidemiological triangle is this information associated? - -Host
- Herpes infections usually begin with pain, itching, or tingling. The pain is
typically described as muscle or toothache-like but which can become more
intense as the infection progresses. What term describes the period is best
associated with the time before the onset of vesicular lesions more often
associated with the disease? - -Prodrome
- Under what conditions might a very low dose of infectious microbes
produce disease in a healthy host? - -When the microbes are highly virulent
, - The threat of a cholera outbreak in Ghana began recently when waste and
refuse engulfed the nation's capital, Accra. With which part of the
epidemiological triangle do you propose is this information is associated? - -
Environment
- Cholera is a disease that causes profuse watery diarrhea. It is acquired
when water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae is ingested and the bacteria
release a toxin that causes hyper-secretion of water into the gut. Bacteria
are then released into the environment. This last step in the cycle of
infection is described by which term? - -Portal of Exit
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a bacterium that infects the upper
respiratory tract of humans. Which part of the cycle of infection is the upper
respiratory tract? - -Portal of Entry
- Chikungunya virus is transmitted to humans by mosquito. Considering
transmission of this virus, what is the portal of entry? - -The skin
- Some individuals of European descent possess variants in the complement
factor H (CFH) gene that make them more likely to contract meningococcal
disease. Which of the following most impacts the host's chance of acquiring
this disease? - -Genetic predisposition
- A microbiologist attempted to determine the cause of an infectious
disease. She first took blood samples from a diseased animal and used the
blood to inoculate a susceptible animal and, as expected, the animal died.
She concluded that the disease was caused by a microbe that she isolated
later from the susceptible animal. Why might she be in error? - -A pure
culture of a suspected pathogen should be isolated first, then used to
inoculate a susceptible animal.
- Which of the following is most likely to have severe clinical disease? - -A
normal host infected with a microbe that is highly virulent.
- A primary pathogen is capable of causing an infectious disease in a healthy
human. A disease, like influenza, is one of these and is considered highly
virulent. What other factors contribute to the outcome of the severity of the
infectious disease? - -Infectious dose and host resistance
- Rubella has an incubation period of 12-23 days, but the symptoms last
only about 3-7 days. With which part of the epidemiological triangle is this
information associated? - -Time
- Trypanosoma rhodesiense is a protist and the causative agent of East
African Sleeping Sickness. It is spread between cattle and other mammals,
including humans when they are bitten by an infected tsetse fly (Glossina
