MMBio 221 Final Exam Questions and
Answers A+ Graded
Virulence: mycolic acid in cell wall causes slow growth, protection from lysis
once bacteria are phagocytized, capacity for intracellular growth, resistance
to Gram-staining, detergents, many antimicrobial drugs, and dessication - -
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
- Unique properties: grows very slowly, can live within macrophages,
tuberculin skin test--positive when red swelling appears, BCG vaccine is used
in countries w/ lots of TB cases, effective on 80% of children and 20-50% of
adults, cord factor that cause disease - -Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
- Diseases: primary TB: initial infection, secondary TB: reactivation of TB
after lying dormant for a period of time, disseminated TB: results when
infection spreads throughout the body - -Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
- Virulence: same as tuberculosis (mycobacterium) - -Leprae
- unique properties: cannot be cultivated in cell free medium- cultured in
footpads of mice and bellies of 9-banded armadillos; transmission via person
to person contact or through break in skin; some protection provided by BCG
vaccine; treated with dapsone and rifampin as well as clofazimine - -Leprae
- DISEASES- 1. Tuberculoid Leprosy: high cell mediated response and low
antibody, nonprogressive disease characterized by loss of sensation in skin
regions, shallow skin lesions and only occasional mutilation of body. 2.
Lepromatous Leprosy: low cell-mediated response and high antibody,
produces gradual tissue destruction resulting in loss of facial features, digits,
and other body parts, numerous deep skin lesions and nodules appear,
common to have mutilated extremities - -Leprae
- VIRULENCE- has mycolic acid since it's a mycobacterium (see
tuberculosis), produces mycolactone: polyketide toxin that destroys
subcutaneous tissue (top skin later dies and sloughs off), powerful immune
suppressing agent - -Ulcerans
- UNIQUE PROPERTIES- 1. associated with slow moving water, 2. enters skin
through abrasions, 3. grows extracellularly, 4. no proven therapy so ulcer is
excised and skin grafts are used - -Ulcerans
- DISEASES- 1. Beruli Ulcer (see above for symptoms/treatment) - -Ulcerans
, - UNIQUE PROPERTIES- 1. small, Gram-positive rods found on skin, 2.
opportunistic pathogen, 3. treated w/ antimicrobial drugs, 4. most common
species involved in human infections - -Propionibacterium acnes
- DISEASES- acne: bacteria infect a hair follicle, causing accumulation of
colonizing bac, and sebum - -Propionibacterium acnes
- 3 types of antigens that are used to serotype enteric bacteria - -Antigen O
- polysaccharide
Antigen K - protein and polysaccharide capsular antigens
Antigen H - flagellar proteins
- rapidly ferment lactose
part of general microbiota
may be opportunistic pathogens - -Coliform
- DISEASES - Brucellosis - transmitted to humans in unpasteurized
contaminated milk or contact
with animal blood, urine, placentas. Humans: causes fluctuating fever (AKA
undulant
fever, bang's fever, malta fever, rock fever of Gibraltar, fever of Crete) -
chills, sweating, headache, weight loss. Animals: STDs and abortive disease
due to viscerotropism for reproductive organs. generally asymptomatic or
mild, but can cause sterility & abortion. - -Brucella melitensis
- VIRULENCE - attaches to ciliated epithelial cells through 2 adhesions
(filamentous hemagglutinin and perussis toxin)
produces 4 toxins: pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, dermonecrotic
toxin, tracheal cytotoxin - -Bordetella pertussis
- UNIQUE PROPERTIES - bacteria inhaled in aerosols. causes pediatric
disease Pertussis. - -Bordetella pertussis
- DISEASES - Pertussis (whooping cough) - occurs when ciliated epithelial
cells of trachea are damaged. - -Bordetella pertussis
- UNIQUE PROPERTIES- normal microbiota of intestinal & upper respiratory
tract, constitutes just 1% of the bacteria in the colon, metronidazole treats it,
involved in 85% of all gastrointestinal disease and 5% of all bacteremias - -
Bacteroides fragilis
- DISEASES- 1. abdominal infections: bacteria that infects following ruptured
appendix, 2. genital infections in women, 3. wound infections on the skin - -
Bacteroides fragilis
Answers A+ Graded
Virulence: mycolic acid in cell wall causes slow growth, protection from lysis
once bacteria are phagocytized, capacity for intracellular growth, resistance
to Gram-staining, detergents, many antimicrobial drugs, and dessication - -
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
- Unique properties: grows very slowly, can live within macrophages,
tuberculin skin test--positive when red swelling appears, BCG vaccine is used
in countries w/ lots of TB cases, effective on 80% of children and 20-50% of
adults, cord factor that cause disease - -Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
- Diseases: primary TB: initial infection, secondary TB: reactivation of TB
after lying dormant for a period of time, disseminated TB: results when
infection spreads throughout the body - -Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
- Virulence: same as tuberculosis (mycobacterium) - -Leprae
- unique properties: cannot be cultivated in cell free medium- cultured in
footpads of mice and bellies of 9-banded armadillos; transmission via person
to person contact or through break in skin; some protection provided by BCG
vaccine; treated with dapsone and rifampin as well as clofazimine - -Leprae
- DISEASES- 1. Tuberculoid Leprosy: high cell mediated response and low
antibody, nonprogressive disease characterized by loss of sensation in skin
regions, shallow skin lesions and only occasional mutilation of body. 2.
Lepromatous Leprosy: low cell-mediated response and high antibody,
produces gradual tissue destruction resulting in loss of facial features, digits,
and other body parts, numerous deep skin lesions and nodules appear,
common to have mutilated extremities - -Leprae
- VIRULENCE- has mycolic acid since it's a mycobacterium (see
tuberculosis), produces mycolactone: polyketide toxin that destroys
subcutaneous tissue (top skin later dies and sloughs off), powerful immune
suppressing agent - -Ulcerans
- UNIQUE PROPERTIES- 1. associated with slow moving water, 2. enters skin
through abrasions, 3. grows extracellularly, 4. no proven therapy so ulcer is
excised and skin grafts are used - -Ulcerans
- DISEASES- 1. Beruli Ulcer (see above for symptoms/treatment) - -Ulcerans
, - UNIQUE PROPERTIES- 1. small, Gram-positive rods found on skin, 2.
opportunistic pathogen, 3. treated w/ antimicrobial drugs, 4. most common
species involved in human infections - -Propionibacterium acnes
- DISEASES- acne: bacteria infect a hair follicle, causing accumulation of
colonizing bac, and sebum - -Propionibacterium acnes
- 3 types of antigens that are used to serotype enteric bacteria - -Antigen O
- polysaccharide
Antigen K - protein and polysaccharide capsular antigens
Antigen H - flagellar proteins
- rapidly ferment lactose
part of general microbiota
may be opportunistic pathogens - -Coliform
- DISEASES - Brucellosis - transmitted to humans in unpasteurized
contaminated milk or contact
with animal blood, urine, placentas. Humans: causes fluctuating fever (AKA
undulant
fever, bang's fever, malta fever, rock fever of Gibraltar, fever of Crete) -
chills, sweating, headache, weight loss. Animals: STDs and abortive disease
due to viscerotropism for reproductive organs. generally asymptomatic or
mild, but can cause sterility & abortion. - -Brucella melitensis
- VIRULENCE - attaches to ciliated epithelial cells through 2 adhesions
(filamentous hemagglutinin and perussis toxin)
produces 4 toxins: pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, dermonecrotic
toxin, tracheal cytotoxin - -Bordetella pertussis
- UNIQUE PROPERTIES - bacteria inhaled in aerosols. causes pediatric
disease Pertussis. - -Bordetella pertussis
- DISEASES - Pertussis (whooping cough) - occurs when ciliated epithelial
cells of trachea are damaged. - -Bordetella pertussis
- UNIQUE PROPERTIES- normal microbiota of intestinal & upper respiratory
tract, constitutes just 1% of the bacteria in the colon, metronidazole treats it,
involved in 85% of all gastrointestinal disease and 5% of all bacteremias - -
Bacteroides fragilis
- DISEASES- 1. abdominal infections: bacteria that infects following ruptured
appendix, 2. genital infections in women, 3. wound infections on the skin - -
Bacteroides fragilis
