lOMoAR cPSD| 5967629
PRE-ASSESSMENT: ANALYTICAL METHODS OF
HEALTH LEADERS (RAO2) (PRAO) QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT!!
The quality improvement team is reviewing quarterly incident reports and evaluating the effect of Six Sigma
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
strategies on the quantity of medication errors over the past two years. The team hypothesizes a continuous
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
reduction in medical errors for each quarter. The sample consists of patient clinical and demographic
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
characteristics. Unfortunately, causation cannot be determined from the data available. Which research method
k k k k k k k k k k k k k
should be used to test the team's hypothesis? - ANS ✔✔ - Time-series
k k k k k k k k k k k k k
A hospital researcher has access to one year of hospital emergency department claims data. The researcher is
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
investigating the association of race on the timeliness of delivery of care. The sample includes information on
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
patient demographics, insurance information, and emergency department factors. Due to patient confidentiality,
k k k k k k k k k k k k
the sample does not include patient clinical information and outcomes. Which research method should be used?
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
- ANS ✔✔ - Cross-sectional
k k k k k
A policy analyst is interested in determining if the prospective payment system (PPS) has improved hospital
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
efficiency over time during the past ten years. The sample for analysis consists of ten years of data after the
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
introduction of the PPS and includes measures of efficiency and other relevant control variables. The analyst
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
hypothesizes that hospital efficiency should have increased each year after the PPS was implemented. Which
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
research method should the analyst use? - ANS ✔✔ - Time-series
k k k k k k k k k k k
Which type of data analysis could be used in quantitative research? - ANS ✔✔ - Reporting the distribution of
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
results or outcomes
k k k
What is a characteristic of qualitative research methods? - ANS ✔✔ - Introduces subjectivity to data collection
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Many physician practices now utilize an electronic health record (EHR) system that includes a secure messaging
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
feature. Some of these practices have extended their contact with patients by conducting virtual visits between
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
people with diabetes and nurses who are certified diabetes educators. The remote technology includes the ability
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
to monitor blood glucose data to determine if these values are within goal range. After six months, the results of
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
the blood glucose levels for the group participating in the virtual visits were evaluated. Which research method
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
was used? - ANS ✔✔ - Cross-sectional
k k k k k k k
A researcher wants to determine whether continuity of care is improved with the use of coordination of care
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
documents among primary care physicians and specialists. The researcher decides to review various published
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
studies to assess the clinical effectiveness of these documents on patient outcomes. Which research method is
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
being used - ANS ✔✔ - Meta-analysis
k k k k k k k
The state public health researcher wants to begin a five-year initiative to coordinate immunizations for children
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
in the foster care system. The results will be compared to previous years to measure the effectiveness of the
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
initiative. Which research method should be used to study this initiative? - ANS ✔✔ - Pre/post-study
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Using publicly reported data from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, researchers want to examine the
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
relationship between 30-day readmissions and mortality rates for patients with heart failure at five facilities.
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Before this can be done, researchers need to estimate mortality rates and readmission rates from heart failure.
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Which statistical technique should be used to calculate the estimated rates? - ANS ✔✔ - Regression analysis
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Researchers want to determine if a particular risk factor or risk factors are associated with the frequency for
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
nonelective readmission within 30 days among patients with diabetes in a metropolitan area. The variables of
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Downloaded by IAN NJUGUNA
, lOMoAR cPSD| 5967629
kinterest include age, gender, race/ethnicity, and insurance status. Which statistical technique should be used? -
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
kANS ✔✔ - Regression analysis
k k k k
A hospital researcher is interested in investigating the association between hospital ownership (i.e., government,
k k k k k k k k k k k k k
investor, and not-for-profit) on overall hospital quality scores. Research MethodsA cross-sectional data set of all
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
urban hospitals from eight states is used in this study. The data were obtained from various administrative
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
databases: Medicare Hospital Cost Report Information System, the American Hospital Association, and the
k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Area Health Resource File. Descriptive statistics are used to summarize the data. An ordinary least squares
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
regression is used to test the relationship between ownership status and hospital quality while controlling for
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
hospital and market characteristics. Which component is missing from these research methods? - ANS ✔✔ -
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Research design
k k
A hospital researcher is interested in the association between patient satisfaction and hospital market share. The
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
researcher hypothesizes that increased patient satisfaction will lead to an increase in hospital market share.
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Research MethodsA longitudinal study of seven years will be conducted to assess the change in hospital market
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
share over time. Urban hospitals from the United States that have more than 100 beds will be included in the
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
analysis. The data set will include hospital characteristics and market characteristics. Administrative data will be
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
obtained from the American Hospital Association's Annual Survey of Hospitals, the Area Health Resources
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
File, and the Hospital Compare website. The variables included in the data set will control for other factors that
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
may impact hospital patient satisfaction. Statistical significance will be set at α = 0.05 for the analysis. The
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
results of the analysis will be of i - ANS ✔✔ - Analysis plan
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
After reviewing a quality report from a large urban hospital, an administrator decided to implement a new
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
initiative to improve communication among healthcare professionals. The hospital administrator conducted a
k k k k k k k k k k k k
survey on safety and error prevention that revealed that ineffective or insufficient communication among team
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
members is a significant contributing factor to adverse events. Which source of data would have been used to
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
highlight patient perception of care? - ANS ✔✔ - HCAHPS scores
k k k k k k k k k k k
There have been recent complaints at a pharmacy regarding care, wait times, and errors. The administrator wants
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
to further examine customer satisfaction rates. After examining more information the administrator decides to
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
develop a new patient portal that will allow patients to perform a refill request online. The system will also allow
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
patients to request refills via text or mobile devices. Which two sources of data were used in the change from the
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
old system to the new system? Choose 2 answers - ANS ✔✔ - Patient wait times & Patient satisfaction surveys
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
A hospital is experiencing a high rate of nursing turnover during the first year at the hospital. There are many
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
theories as to why turnover in this cohort is so high. The chief executive officer (CEO) has asked the nursing
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
director to study this further and develop some tactics to improve nursing retention. The director plans to gather
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
data, conduct some statistical analysis, and report back to the CEO with an improvement plan. Which type of
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
data would the director gather to develop this plan? - ANS ✔✔ - Hospital tenure for nurses
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
A large urban hospital has implemented a new patient registration system to reduce patient complaints,
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
streamline the process, and make it easier to understand. The hospital had been monitoring patient wait times for
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
registration prior to implementing this change. Which aspect of wait time was analyzed in the application of
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
descriptive statistics applied for this scenario? - ANS ✔✔ - An average of wait times was analyzed
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
A surgical center is experiencing patient attrition. The center has received bad reviews online. One area of
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
complaints is that the center is dirty in common areas. The center conducted a survey to ascertain what the major
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
complaints were. The center has decided to outsource its maintenance in an effort to improve patient satisfaction
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
scores. The median patient satisfaction scores were determined from the survey. How were descriptive statistics
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
applied in this scenario? - ANS ✔✔ - To determine the 50th percentile of patient satisfaction scores
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
An administrator at an established hospital decided to create a new data collection plan for the quality
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
improvement initiative because the former plan was not acceptable. One concern with the old plan was with the
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
timeliness of the data and with missing data elements associated with wait times and communication. How were
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
descriptive statistics applied in this scenario? - ANS ✔✔ - To identify the average patient satisfaction score
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
A surgical center is experiencing patient attrition. The center has received bad reviews online. One area of
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
complaints is that the center is dirty in common areas. The center conducted a survey to ascertain what the major
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
complaints were. The center has decided to outsource its maintenance in an effort to improve patient satisfaction
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
scores. The surgical center reviewed patient satisfaction scores before and after outsourcing its housekeeping
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
services. Which inferential statistic was applied to arrive at the decision to outsource maintenance? - ANS ✔✔ -
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
A t-test
k k
There have been recent complaints at a pharmacy regarding care, wait times, and errors. The administrator wants
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Downloaded by IAN NJUGUNA
PRE-ASSESSMENT: ANALYTICAL METHODS OF
HEALTH LEADERS (RAO2) (PRAO) QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT!!
The quality improvement team is reviewing quarterly incident reports and evaluating the effect of Six Sigma
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
strategies on the quantity of medication errors over the past two years. The team hypothesizes a continuous
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
reduction in medical errors for each quarter. The sample consists of patient clinical and demographic
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
characteristics. Unfortunately, causation cannot be determined from the data available. Which research method
k k k k k k k k k k k k k
should be used to test the team's hypothesis? - ANS ✔✔ - Time-series
k k k k k k k k k k k k k
A hospital researcher has access to one year of hospital emergency department claims data. The researcher is
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
investigating the association of race on the timeliness of delivery of care. The sample includes information on
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
patient demographics, insurance information, and emergency department factors. Due to patient confidentiality,
k k k k k k k k k k k k
the sample does not include patient clinical information and outcomes. Which research method should be used?
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
- ANS ✔✔ - Cross-sectional
k k k k k
A policy analyst is interested in determining if the prospective payment system (PPS) has improved hospital
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
efficiency over time during the past ten years. The sample for analysis consists of ten years of data after the
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
introduction of the PPS and includes measures of efficiency and other relevant control variables. The analyst
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
hypothesizes that hospital efficiency should have increased each year after the PPS was implemented. Which
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
research method should the analyst use? - ANS ✔✔ - Time-series
k k k k k k k k k k k
Which type of data analysis could be used in quantitative research? - ANS ✔✔ - Reporting the distribution of
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
results or outcomes
k k k
What is a characteristic of qualitative research methods? - ANS ✔✔ - Introduces subjectivity to data collection
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Many physician practices now utilize an electronic health record (EHR) system that includes a secure messaging
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
feature. Some of these practices have extended their contact with patients by conducting virtual visits between
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
people with diabetes and nurses who are certified diabetes educators. The remote technology includes the ability
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
to monitor blood glucose data to determine if these values are within goal range. After six months, the results of
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
the blood glucose levels for the group participating in the virtual visits were evaluated. Which research method
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
was used? - ANS ✔✔ - Cross-sectional
k k k k k k k
A researcher wants to determine whether continuity of care is improved with the use of coordination of care
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
documents among primary care physicians and specialists. The researcher decides to review various published
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
studies to assess the clinical effectiveness of these documents on patient outcomes. Which research method is
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
being used - ANS ✔✔ - Meta-analysis
k k k k k k k
The state public health researcher wants to begin a five-year initiative to coordinate immunizations for children
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
in the foster care system. The results will be compared to previous years to measure the effectiveness of the
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
initiative. Which research method should be used to study this initiative? - ANS ✔✔ - Pre/post-study
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Using publicly reported data from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, researchers want to examine the
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
relationship between 30-day readmissions and mortality rates for patients with heart failure at five facilities.
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Before this can be done, researchers need to estimate mortality rates and readmission rates from heart failure.
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Which statistical technique should be used to calculate the estimated rates? - ANS ✔✔ - Regression analysis
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Researchers want to determine if a particular risk factor or risk factors are associated with the frequency for
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
nonelective readmission within 30 days among patients with diabetes in a metropolitan area. The variables of
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Downloaded by IAN NJUGUNA
, lOMoAR cPSD| 5967629
kinterest include age, gender, race/ethnicity, and insurance status. Which statistical technique should be used? -
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
kANS ✔✔ - Regression analysis
k k k k
A hospital researcher is interested in investigating the association between hospital ownership (i.e., government,
k k k k k k k k k k k k k
investor, and not-for-profit) on overall hospital quality scores. Research MethodsA cross-sectional data set of all
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
urban hospitals from eight states is used in this study. The data were obtained from various administrative
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
databases: Medicare Hospital Cost Report Information System, the American Hospital Association, and the
k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Area Health Resource File. Descriptive statistics are used to summarize the data. An ordinary least squares
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
regression is used to test the relationship between ownership status and hospital quality while controlling for
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
hospital and market characteristics. Which component is missing from these research methods? - ANS ✔✔ -
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Research design
k k
A hospital researcher is interested in the association between patient satisfaction and hospital market share. The
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
researcher hypothesizes that increased patient satisfaction will lead to an increase in hospital market share.
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Research MethodsA longitudinal study of seven years will be conducted to assess the change in hospital market
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
share over time. Urban hospitals from the United States that have more than 100 beds will be included in the
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
analysis. The data set will include hospital characteristics and market characteristics. Administrative data will be
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
obtained from the American Hospital Association's Annual Survey of Hospitals, the Area Health Resources
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
File, and the Hospital Compare website. The variables included in the data set will control for other factors that
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
may impact hospital patient satisfaction. Statistical significance will be set at α = 0.05 for the analysis. The
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
results of the analysis will be of i - ANS ✔✔ - Analysis plan
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
After reviewing a quality report from a large urban hospital, an administrator decided to implement a new
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
initiative to improve communication among healthcare professionals. The hospital administrator conducted a
k k k k k k k k k k k k
survey on safety and error prevention that revealed that ineffective or insufficient communication among team
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
members is a significant contributing factor to adverse events. Which source of data would have been used to
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
highlight patient perception of care? - ANS ✔✔ - HCAHPS scores
k k k k k k k k k k k
There have been recent complaints at a pharmacy regarding care, wait times, and errors. The administrator wants
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
to further examine customer satisfaction rates. After examining more information the administrator decides to
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
develop a new patient portal that will allow patients to perform a refill request online. The system will also allow
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
patients to request refills via text or mobile devices. Which two sources of data were used in the change from the
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
old system to the new system? Choose 2 answers - ANS ✔✔ - Patient wait times & Patient satisfaction surveys
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
A hospital is experiencing a high rate of nursing turnover during the first year at the hospital. There are many
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
theories as to why turnover in this cohort is so high. The chief executive officer (CEO) has asked the nursing
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
director to study this further and develop some tactics to improve nursing retention. The director plans to gather
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
data, conduct some statistical analysis, and report back to the CEO with an improvement plan. Which type of
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
data would the director gather to develop this plan? - ANS ✔✔ - Hospital tenure for nurses
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
A large urban hospital has implemented a new patient registration system to reduce patient complaints,
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
streamline the process, and make it easier to understand. The hospital had been monitoring patient wait times for
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
registration prior to implementing this change. Which aspect of wait time was analyzed in the application of
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
descriptive statistics applied for this scenario? - ANS ✔✔ - An average of wait times was analyzed
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
A surgical center is experiencing patient attrition. The center has received bad reviews online. One area of
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
complaints is that the center is dirty in common areas. The center conducted a survey to ascertain what the major
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
complaints were. The center has decided to outsource its maintenance in an effort to improve patient satisfaction
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
scores. The median patient satisfaction scores were determined from the survey. How were descriptive statistics
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
applied in this scenario? - ANS ✔✔ - To determine the 50th percentile of patient satisfaction scores
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
An administrator at an established hospital decided to create a new data collection plan for the quality
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
improvement initiative because the former plan was not acceptable. One concern with the old plan was with the
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
timeliness of the data and with missing data elements associated with wait times and communication. How were
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
descriptive statistics applied in this scenario? - ANS ✔✔ - To identify the average patient satisfaction score
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
A surgical center is experiencing patient attrition. The center has received bad reviews online. One area of
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
complaints is that the center is dirty in common areas. The center conducted a survey to ascertain what the major
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
complaints were. The center has decided to outsource its maintenance in an effort to improve patient satisfaction
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
scores. The surgical center reviewed patient satisfaction scores before and after outsourcing its housekeeping
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
services. Which inferential statistic was applied to arrive at the decision to outsource maintenance? - ANS ✔✔ -
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
A t-test
k k
There have been recent complaints at a pharmacy regarding care, wait times, and errors. The administrator wants
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
Downloaded by IAN NJUGUNA
