NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 With Correct Answers
NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 With Correct Answers
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - ANSWER can use urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need
to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard" measures P24
antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - ANSWER Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to blood
vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - ANSWER Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases blood flow to
the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - ANSWER Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or adaptive
resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory.
Can react quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines - ANSWER Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the inflammatory process. Cause
vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins - ANSWER Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by the arachidonic
pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - ANSWER Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site of
inflammation
Neutrophils - ANSWER Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of acute inflammation
Monocytes - ANSWER Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible for presenting
antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - ANSWER Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and also
increases the release of IL6a
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,NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 With Correct Answers
Cytokine IL6 function - ANSWER Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and promotes growth
and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function - ANSWER Causes fever, increases synthesis of proinflammatory proteins by
liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - ANSWER Promotes production and maturation of neutrophils
Complement - ANSWER Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased vascular
permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
Kinin - ANSWER Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and chemotaxis, and it
increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade - ANSWER Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form fibrin mesh to stop
bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 - ANSWER Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides gastroprotection, platelet
aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
COX2 - ANSWER Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain, fever, renal protection,
tissue repair, reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - ANSWER Protect gastric mucosa- prevent ulcers and
bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for Celebrex. Can impair renal function ,
monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose - ANSWER Synthesis of prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS - ANSWER Inhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric ulceration, GI bleeds,
edema, renal impairment
ASA - ANSWER Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits Thromboxane A2 and prostaglandins
Corticosteroids - ANSWER Inhibit phospholipase A2, preventing formation of prostaglandins,
thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, and leukotrines
Thromboxane - ANSWER Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
Prostacyclin - ANSWER Vasodilation, platelet aggregation (most effective one)
Type 1 hypersensitivity - ANSWER E. Immediate response to allergen, food, meds, pollen, asthma,
allergic reactions
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, NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 With Correct Answers
P. IgE binds with antigen at 1st exposure. Antigen binds with this complex at 2nd exposure.
Inflammatory cascade initiates.
C.M. Urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, angioedema, anaphylaxis
Atopic disorders - ANSWER Genetic Type 1 hypersensitivity, asthma, hay fever, eczema, urticaria
Type 2 hypersensitivity - ANSWER E. Antibodies directed against fixed antigens on the plasma
membrane of cells
C.M. Varies depending on alloimmune or autoimmune
Alloimmunity and example of hypersensitivity - ANSWER When an individuals immune system reacts
against antigens on the tissues of other members of the same species
Blood transfusions- causes clumping and lysis of RBC- fever, nausea, chills, low back pain, dark urine,
hives, itching, SOB
Rh incompatibility- hemolytic disease of newborn with jaundice, give Rhogam within 72 hours of birth
(Rh- mother with Rh+ child)
Autoimmunity and example of hypersensitivity - ANSWER A breakdown of tolerance in which the
bodies immune system begins to recognize self-antigens as foreign.
Graves Disease- autoantibodies form against thyroid cells- bind to thyroid cells and mimic action of
TSH, increases secretion of thyroxine
Myasthenia Gravis- autoantibodies against acetylcholine bind to the post synaptic receptors and
inhibit synaptic transmission of acetylcholine. Leads to muscle weakness and paralysis (mind to
ground)
Guillain-Barre' syndrome- antibodies bind with myelin sheath of the peripheral nervous system,
triggering the immune response. Causes demyelination of the peripheral nerves and a rapidly
progressive, ascending paralysis (ground to brain)
Type III hypersensitivity - ANSWER Widespread immune and inflammatory response not specified for
any cell or tissue. SLE, RA
Antibodies are formed against and bind to circulating antigens, antigen-antibody complex deposits in
vessel walls or tissue. Causes cellular and tissue damage. IgG and IgM response, spread via
circulation- not specific to a cell or tissue- widespread damage.
3
NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 With Correct Answers
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - ANSWER can use urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need
to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard" measures P24
antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - ANSWER Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to blood
vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - ANSWER Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases blood flow to
the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - ANSWER Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or adaptive
resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory.
Can react quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines - ANSWER Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the inflammatory process. Cause
vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins - ANSWER Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by the arachidonic
pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - ANSWER Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site of
inflammation
Neutrophils - ANSWER Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of acute inflammation
Monocytes - ANSWER Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible for presenting
antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - ANSWER Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and also
increases the release of IL6a
1
,NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 With Correct Answers
Cytokine IL6 function - ANSWER Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and promotes growth
and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function - ANSWER Causes fever, increases synthesis of proinflammatory proteins by
liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - ANSWER Promotes production and maturation of neutrophils
Complement - ANSWER Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased vascular
permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
Kinin - ANSWER Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and chemotaxis, and it
increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade - ANSWER Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form fibrin mesh to stop
bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 - ANSWER Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides gastroprotection, platelet
aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
COX2 - ANSWER Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain, fever, renal protection,
tissue repair, reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - ANSWER Protect gastric mucosa- prevent ulcers and
bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for Celebrex. Can impair renal function ,
monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose - ANSWER Synthesis of prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS - ANSWER Inhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric ulceration, GI bleeds,
edema, renal impairment
ASA - ANSWER Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits Thromboxane A2 and prostaglandins
Corticosteroids - ANSWER Inhibit phospholipase A2, preventing formation of prostaglandins,
thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, and leukotrines
Thromboxane - ANSWER Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
Prostacyclin - ANSWER Vasodilation, platelet aggregation (most effective one)
Type 1 hypersensitivity - ANSWER E. Immediate response to allergen, food, meds, pollen, asthma,
allergic reactions
2
, NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 With Correct Answers
P. IgE binds with antigen at 1st exposure. Antigen binds with this complex at 2nd exposure.
Inflammatory cascade initiates.
C.M. Urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, angioedema, anaphylaxis
Atopic disorders - ANSWER Genetic Type 1 hypersensitivity, asthma, hay fever, eczema, urticaria
Type 2 hypersensitivity - ANSWER E. Antibodies directed against fixed antigens on the plasma
membrane of cells
C.M. Varies depending on alloimmune or autoimmune
Alloimmunity and example of hypersensitivity - ANSWER When an individuals immune system reacts
against antigens on the tissues of other members of the same species
Blood transfusions- causes clumping and lysis of RBC- fever, nausea, chills, low back pain, dark urine,
hives, itching, SOB
Rh incompatibility- hemolytic disease of newborn with jaundice, give Rhogam within 72 hours of birth
(Rh- mother with Rh+ child)
Autoimmunity and example of hypersensitivity - ANSWER A breakdown of tolerance in which the
bodies immune system begins to recognize self-antigens as foreign.
Graves Disease- autoantibodies form against thyroid cells- bind to thyroid cells and mimic action of
TSH, increases secretion of thyroxine
Myasthenia Gravis- autoantibodies against acetylcholine bind to the post synaptic receptors and
inhibit synaptic transmission of acetylcholine. Leads to muscle weakness and paralysis (mind to
ground)
Guillain-Barre' syndrome- antibodies bind with myelin sheath of the peripheral nervous system,
triggering the immune response. Causes demyelination of the peripheral nerves and a rapidly
progressive, ascending paralysis (ground to brain)
Type III hypersensitivity - ANSWER Widespread immune and inflammatory response not specified for
any cell or tissue. SLE, RA
Antibodies are formed against and bind to circulating antigens, antigen-antibody complex deposits in
vessel walls or tissue. Causes cellular and tissue damage. IgG and IgM response, spread via
circulation- not specific to a cell or tissue- widespread damage.
3
