Pathophysiology Exam 4 TEST BANK 400 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025 LATEST VERSION//ALREADY GRADED A+
Which of the following lung volumes or capacities cannot be determined with a simple spirometer?
A. Vital capacity
B. Expiratory reserve volume
C. Inspiratory reserve volume
D. Tidal volume
E. Functional residual capacity - ANSWER-E. Functional residual capacity
Calculate the minute ventilation and the alveolar ventilation for a patient with a respiratory rate of
10 breaths/minute, a tidal volume of 600 mL, and a dead space of 150 mL.
Minute Ventilation (L/min) Alveolar Ventilation (L/min)
A. 4.5 3.0
B. 6.0 4.5
C. 8 6.5
D. 10 8.5
E. 12 10.5 - ANSWER-B. 6.0 4.5
Before inspiration, alveolar pressure is 0 and intrapleural pressure is -5 cm H2O. At the end of an
inspiration in a healthy person, with the glottis open, these readings would be:
A. Alveolar pressure of +2, intrapleural pressure of -8 cm H2O
B. Alveolar pressure of -2, intrapleural pressure of -8 cm H2O
C. Alveolar pressure of 0, intrapleural pressure of +5 cm H2O
D. Alveolar pressure of 0, intrapleural pressure of -5 cm H2O
E. Alveolar pressure of 0, intrapleural pressure of -8 cm H2O - ANSWER-E. Alveolar pressure of 0,
intrapleural pressure of -8 cm H2O
A 50-year-old man participates in a marathon. Which muscle(s) are being used for inspiration during
the marathon?
A. Gastrocnemius
,B. Internal intercostals
C. Abdominals
D. External intercostals - ANSWER-D. External intercostals
Pulmonary surfactant is formed by:
A. Alveolar macrophages
B. Goblet cells
C. Type I alveolar cells
D. Type II alveolar cells - ANSWER-D. Type II alveolar cells
Which of the following would be expected to increase the measured airway resistance?
A. Stimulation of parasympathetic nerves to the lungs
B. Low lung volumes
C. Release of histamine by mast cells
D. Forced expirations
E. All of the above - ANSWER-E. All of the above
Which of the following tend to decrease airway resistance?
A. Asthma
B. Stimulation by sympathetic fibers
C. Treatment with acetylcholine
D. Exhalation to residual volume - ANSWER-B. Stimulation by sympathetic fibers
When the abdominals contract:
A. Intrapleural pressure becomes more negative
B. Alveolar pressure decreases
C. The recoil tendency of the lung increases
D. Functional residual capacity decreases - ANSWER-D (or maybe B not sure cause it is listed
weird)
,The most accurate statement about airway pressures during normal quiet breathing (as measured in
the upper airway) is:
A. At the end of expiration there is a slight amount of positive airway pressure, between 3 and 5
mmHg above atmospheric
B. At the end of expiration airway pressure is the same as atmospheric
C. At the end of inspiration there is a slight negative airway pressure, between -3 and -5 mmHg
D. Airway pressure is atmospheric throughout the breathing cycle
E. Airway pressure is below atmospheric throughout the breathing cycle - ANSWER-B. At the end
of expiration airway pressure is the same as atmospheric
Questions 10-12: Use the following figure for questions 10-12.
10. Assuming a respiratory rate of 12 breaths/min calculate the minute ventilation.
A. 1 L/min
B. 2 L/min
C. 4 L/min
D. 5 L/min
E. 6 L/min
11. Assuming the same respiratory rate of 12 breaths/min calculate the alveolar ventilation.
A. 3 L/min
B. 4 L/min
C. 6 L/min
D. 12 L/min
E. Do not have enough information to calculate alveolar ventilation
12. What is the residual volume?
A. 1,000 mL
B. 1,500 mL
, C. 2,000 mL
D. 2,500 mL
E. 5,000 mL - ANSWER-E, E, A
Residual volume:
A. Is part of the expiratory reserve volume
B. Is part of vital capacity
C. Cannot be measured directly with a spirometer
D. Represents the resting volume of the lungs
E. Is the volume at which the lungs tend to recoil outward - ANSWER-C. Cannot be measured
directly with a spirometer
A group of students is trying to see who can generate the highest expiratory flow. Which muscle is
most effective at producing a maximal effort?
A. Diaphragm
B. Internal intercostals
C. External intercostals.
D. Rectus abdominus
E. Sternocleidomastoid - ANSWER-D. Rectus abdominus
A person with normal lungs has an oxygen consumption of 750 mL O2/min. The hemoglobin
concentration is 15 g/dL. The mixed venous saturation is 25%. What is the cardiac output?
A. 2,500 mL/min
B. 5,000 mL/min
C. 7,500 mL/min
D. 10,000 mL/min
E. 20,000 mL/min - ANSWER-B. 5,000 mL/min
Which of the following situations would be expected to decrease pulmonary vascular resistance?
ANSWERS 2025 LATEST VERSION//ALREADY GRADED A+
Which of the following lung volumes or capacities cannot be determined with a simple spirometer?
A. Vital capacity
B. Expiratory reserve volume
C. Inspiratory reserve volume
D. Tidal volume
E. Functional residual capacity - ANSWER-E. Functional residual capacity
Calculate the minute ventilation and the alveolar ventilation for a patient with a respiratory rate of
10 breaths/minute, a tidal volume of 600 mL, and a dead space of 150 mL.
Minute Ventilation (L/min) Alveolar Ventilation (L/min)
A. 4.5 3.0
B. 6.0 4.5
C. 8 6.5
D. 10 8.5
E. 12 10.5 - ANSWER-B. 6.0 4.5
Before inspiration, alveolar pressure is 0 and intrapleural pressure is -5 cm H2O. At the end of an
inspiration in a healthy person, with the glottis open, these readings would be:
A. Alveolar pressure of +2, intrapleural pressure of -8 cm H2O
B. Alveolar pressure of -2, intrapleural pressure of -8 cm H2O
C. Alveolar pressure of 0, intrapleural pressure of +5 cm H2O
D. Alveolar pressure of 0, intrapleural pressure of -5 cm H2O
E. Alveolar pressure of 0, intrapleural pressure of -8 cm H2O - ANSWER-E. Alveolar pressure of 0,
intrapleural pressure of -8 cm H2O
A 50-year-old man participates in a marathon. Which muscle(s) are being used for inspiration during
the marathon?
A. Gastrocnemius
,B. Internal intercostals
C. Abdominals
D. External intercostals - ANSWER-D. External intercostals
Pulmonary surfactant is formed by:
A. Alveolar macrophages
B. Goblet cells
C. Type I alveolar cells
D. Type II alveolar cells - ANSWER-D. Type II alveolar cells
Which of the following would be expected to increase the measured airway resistance?
A. Stimulation of parasympathetic nerves to the lungs
B. Low lung volumes
C. Release of histamine by mast cells
D. Forced expirations
E. All of the above - ANSWER-E. All of the above
Which of the following tend to decrease airway resistance?
A. Asthma
B. Stimulation by sympathetic fibers
C. Treatment with acetylcholine
D. Exhalation to residual volume - ANSWER-B. Stimulation by sympathetic fibers
When the abdominals contract:
A. Intrapleural pressure becomes more negative
B. Alveolar pressure decreases
C. The recoil tendency of the lung increases
D. Functional residual capacity decreases - ANSWER-D (or maybe B not sure cause it is listed
weird)
,The most accurate statement about airway pressures during normal quiet breathing (as measured in
the upper airway) is:
A. At the end of expiration there is a slight amount of positive airway pressure, between 3 and 5
mmHg above atmospheric
B. At the end of expiration airway pressure is the same as atmospheric
C. At the end of inspiration there is a slight negative airway pressure, between -3 and -5 mmHg
D. Airway pressure is atmospheric throughout the breathing cycle
E. Airway pressure is below atmospheric throughout the breathing cycle - ANSWER-B. At the end
of expiration airway pressure is the same as atmospheric
Questions 10-12: Use the following figure for questions 10-12.
10. Assuming a respiratory rate of 12 breaths/min calculate the minute ventilation.
A. 1 L/min
B. 2 L/min
C. 4 L/min
D. 5 L/min
E. 6 L/min
11. Assuming the same respiratory rate of 12 breaths/min calculate the alveolar ventilation.
A. 3 L/min
B. 4 L/min
C. 6 L/min
D. 12 L/min
E. Do not have enough information to calculate alveolar ventilation
12. What is the residual volume?
A. 1,000 mL
B. 1,500 mL
, C. 2,000 mL
D. 2,500 mL
E. 5,000 mL - ANSWER-E, E, A
Residual volume:
A. Is part of the expiratory reserve volume
B. Is part of vital capacity
C. Cannot be measured directly with a spirometer
D. Represents the resting volume of the lungs
E. Is the volume at which the lungs tend to recoil outward - ANSWER-C. Cannot be measured
directly with a spirometer
A group of students is trying to see who can generate the highest expiratory flow. Which muscle is
most effective at producing a maximal effort?
A. Diaphragm
B. Internal intercostals
C. External intercostals.
D. Rectus abdominus
E. Sternocleidomastoid - ANSWER-D. Rectus abdominus
A person with normal lungs has an oxygen consumption of 750 mL O2/min. The hemoglobin
concentration is 15 g/dL. The mixed venous saturation is 25%. What is the cardiac output?
A. 2,500 mL/min
B. 5,000 mL/min
C. 7,500 mL/min
D. 10,000 mL/min
E. 20,000 mL/min - ANSWER-B. 5,000 mL/min
Which of the following situations would be expected to decrease pulmonary vascular resistance?
