NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WALDEN
UNIVERSITY 2025 MIDTERM EXAM ACTUAL EXAM AND
PRACTICE EXAM | ACCURATE AND VERIFIED QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED ANSWERS | GUARANTEED PASS | GRADED
A
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will
facilitate his continued muscle performance? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? -
ANSWER-ANSWER: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the
following? - ANSWER-ANSWER: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?
- ANSWER-ANSWER: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - ANSWER-ANSWER:
Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding
cholesterol? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the
erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is
caused by an _____ gene - ANSWER-ANSWER: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - ANSWER-ANSWER:
By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
,The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: - ANSWER-
ANSWER: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - ANSWER-ANSWER:
Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? -
ANSWER-ANSWER: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to
result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent
homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short
stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. -
ANSWER-ANSWER: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic
information be contained? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse
describing? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is
associated with: - ANSWER-ANSWER: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response? -
ANSWER-ANSWER: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Provide growth factor
for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding
will support this diagnosis? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4
dihydroxyphenylalanine)
, Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: - ANSWER-ANSWER:
Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure
(colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - ANSWER-ANSWER: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of
which of the following types of transport? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92
chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition? - ANSWER-
ANSWER: Tetraploidy
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Because the
resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
Hypothyroidism - ANSWER-A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less productive
than normal, does not produce enough T3 and T4
T3, T4, TSH - ANSWER-Diagnosing hypo/hyperthyroidism T3/T4 = thyroid. TSH = Pituitary.
T3/T4 abnormality = problem with THYROID.
T3/T4 normal + TSH abnormal = Secondary thyroid problem
If too much T3/T4, then TSH will be down. Vice Versa.
calcium - ANSWER-parathyroid glands responsible for regulating ___ levels.
metabolism, temperature - ANSWER-Thyroid produces hormones T3, T4, and plays big role in __,
___ regulation and growth and development
iodine - ANSWER-Brain cannot make T3 and T4 without ___
UNIVERSITY 2025 MIDTERM EXAM ACTUAL EXAM AND
PRACTICE EXAM | ACCURATE AND VERIFIED QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED ANSWERS | GUARANTEED PASS | GRADED
A
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will
facilitate his continued muscle performance? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? -
ANSWER-ANSWER: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the
following? - ANSWER-ANSWER: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?
- ANSWER-ANSWER: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - ANSWER-ANSWER:
Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding
cholesterol? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the
erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is
caused by an _____ gene - ANSWER-ANSWER: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - ANSWER-ANSWER:
By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
,The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: - ANSWER-
ANSWER: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - ANSWER-ANSWER:
Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? -
ANSWER-ANSWER: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to
result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent
homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short
stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. -
ANSWER-ANSWER: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic
information be contained? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse
describing? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is
associated with: - ANSWER-ANSWER: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response? -
ANSWER-ANSWER: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Provide growth factor
for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding
will support this diagnosis? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4
dihydroxyphenylalanine)
, Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: - ANSWER-ANSWER:
Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure
(colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - ANSWER-ANSWER: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of
which of the following types of transport? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92
chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition? - ANSWER-
ANSWER: Tetraploidy
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? - ANSWER-ANSWER: Because the
resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
Hypothyroidism - ANSWER-A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less productive
than normal, does not produce enough T3 and T4
T3, T4, TSH - ANSWER-Diagnosing hypo/hyperthyroidism T3/T4 = thyroid. TSH = Pituitary.
T3/T4 abnormality = problem with THYROID.
T3/T4 normal + TSH abnormal = Secondary thyroid problem
If too much T3/T4, then TSH will be down. Vice Versa.
calcium - ANSWER-parathyroid glands responsible for regulating ___ levels.
metabolism, temperature - ANSWER-Thyroid produces hormones T3, T4, and plays big role in __,
___ regulation and growth and development
iodine - ANSWER-Brain cannot make T3 and T4 without ___
