6531 FINAL EXAM 1 NURSING QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
What are signs & symptoms of SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone)? - Correct
answer-Increased production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone), hyponatremia, concentrated urine (from
excess water resorption), elevated urine osmolality, mental status changes from cerebral edema.
Diabetes insipidus is associated with what sodium level? - Correct answer-Hypernatremia
Psychogenic polydipsia results in urine that is: - Correct answer-diluted with low osmolality and
hyponatremia
How would you determine the cause of a patient's AKI who presents with decreased urine output,
history of neurogenic bladder, chronic foley, dark urine, and Cr increase from 1.3 to 2.1 over 3 months? -
Correct answer-Flush the foley catheter to see if urine comes out and assess the patency of the
catheter. This action will unblock clogged sediment or biofilm from chronic bacteriuria.
When a female patient presents to the ER after sexual assault, what medications should be offered prior
to discharge? - Correct answer-Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Plan B, and Metronidazole.
Manifestations of Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)? - Correct answer-hypernatremia, hypokalemia,
and hypertension
What causes Cushing syndrome? - Correct answer-Increased levels of glucocorticoids, can be exogenous
(from therapy) or endogenous (from adenoma or neoplasm).
,Manifestations of Cushing syndrome? - Correct answer-hypertension, truncal obesity, osteoporosis, skin
fragility, and hyperglycemia.
What differentiates primary adrenocortical insufficiency from secondary adrenocortical insufficiency? -
Correct answer-Skin hyperpigmentation is present in primary adrenocortical insufficiency
What is Trousseau's sign? - Correct answer-A carpal spasm elicited by compression of the upper arm
with a BP cuff that indicates hypocalcemia.
These signs, along with a family history of psychosis, can be predictive of schizophrenia, so referral for
psychiatric evaluation should be made. Unless symptoms are present longer than a month and the
patient is diagnosed, antipsychotic medications are not indicated. Without evaluation, these behaviors
should not be dismissed as normal. While these signs may raise concerns for schizophrenia, they are not
diagnostic.
A young male patient is reported to be more withdrawn from his peers than usual and has dropped out
of college and quit his job within the last 5 months. The parent is concerned that the patient may have
schizophrenia because a maternal uncle has the disease. What will the provider do next?
a. Ask about the patient's speech and thinking patterns
b. Consider treatment with antipsychotic medications
c. Reassure that classic symptoms of schizophrenia are not present
d. Refer the patient for inpatient psychiatric treatment - Correct answer-ANS: A
In order to diagnose schizophrenia, one or more of the positive signs of delusions, hallucinations, or
disorganized speech must be present. Unless there is a definitive diagnosis, hospitalization and
treatment are not indicated. The patient has some signs of schizophrenia, so further evaluation is
necessary before reassurance can be made.
Which are considered "negative" symptoms of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)
a. Auditory hallucinations
b. Delusions of persecution
,c. Impaired self-care
d. Poor school performance
e. Withdrawing from peers - Correct answer-ANS: C, D, E
Negative symptoms are those related to decrease or loss of normal functions and may include social
withdrawal, impaired self-care, and poor school performance. Hallucinations and delusional beliefs are
things added to normal behaviors and are considered positive symptoms of schizophrenia
What is Chovstek's sign? - Correct answer-A hemifacial tic that is induced by tapping the facial nerve
below the maxilla that indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Babinski's sign? - Correct answer-An upward response (extension) of the hallux when the sole of
the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. Can identify spinal cord disease in adults.
What is Romberg's sign? - Correct answer-Loss of balance in standing when eyes are closed. Usually
indicating a loss of proprioception or lesion in the cerebellum.
What is Homan's sign? - Correct answer-pain on passive dorsiflexion of ankle, associated with DVT.
What is the clinical presentation of Goodpasture's syndrome? - Correct answer-Urinalysis: Specific
gravity: 1.020. pH 5.5, 1+ albumin and large blood present.
Chest XR positive for bilateral diffuse infiltrates.
BUN 30, Cr 3.0
Symptoms: dyspnea with hemoptysis
What is Goodpasture syndrome? - Correct answer-Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular basement
membranes by cytotoxic antibody.
Initial treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome? - Correct answer-Hospitalization, pulse dose of steroids,
begin plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide therapy.
, Characteristics of Grave's disease - Correct answer-Ophthalmopathy (lid retraction, scleral show,
proptosis) and hyperthyroidism
What organism causes the formation of a staghorn calculus? - Correct answer-Proteus mirabilus
What organism causes Toxic shock syndrome? - Correct answer-Staphylococcus aureus
What electrolyte disturbance is most likely to lead to tetany and neuromuscular irritability? - Correct
answer-Hypocalcemia
Features of hypercalcemia include? - Correct answer-"Stones, groans, moans, and bones."
Delerium and renal stones
When you see hypochloremia, the patient may have? - Correct answer-Metabolic Alkalosis
Hyperkalemia is associated with what cardiac abnormalities? - Correct answer-peaked T-waves, wide
QRS, and ventricular arrhythmias.
A patient presents with arcus cornea, LDL 285, TG 110, HDL 45, and father died of an MI at age 45. What
is his most likely diagnosis? - Correct answer-Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
A fasting blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL indicates: - Correct answer-Diabetes
What are risk factors for ectopic pregnancy? - Correct answer-smoking, previous tubal surgery, previous
ectopic pregnancy, exposure to diethylibestrol, current IUD, PID, advanced maternal age, infertilitiy for
more than 2 years.
What hormones are most critical to replace in a patient at risk for anterior pituitary insufficiency? -
Correct answer-Glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormone
What is diabetes insipidus? - Correct answer-a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of ADH which
causes excessive water loss
ANSWERS
What are signs & symptoms of SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone)? - Correct
answer-Increased production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone), hyponatremia, concentrated urine (from
excess water resorption), elevated urine osmolality, mental status changes from cerebral edema.
Diabetes insipidus is associated with what sodium level? - Correct answer-Hypernatremia
Psychogenic polydipsia results in urine that is: - Correct answer-diluted with low osmolality and
hyponatremia
How would you determine the cause of a patient's AKI who presents with decreased urine output,
history of neurogenic bladder, chronic foley, dark urine, and Cr increase from 1.3 to 2.1 over 3 months? -
Correct answer-Flush the foley catheter to see if urine comes out and assess the patency of the
catheter. This action will unblock clogged sediment or biofilm from chronic bacteriuria.
When a female patient presents to the ER after sexual assault, what medications should be offered prior
to discharge? - Correct answer-Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Plan B, and Metronidazole.
Manifestations of Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)? - Correct answer-hypernatremia, hypokalemia,
and hypertension
What causes Cushing syndrome? - Correct answer-Increased levels of glucocorticoids, can be exogenous
(from therapy) or endogenous (from adenoma or neoplasm).
,Manifestations of Cushing syndrome? - Correct answer-hypertension, truncal obesity, osteoporosis, skin
fragility, and hyperglycemia.
What differentiates primary adrenocortical insufficiency from secondary adrenocortical insufficiency? -
Correct answer-Skin hyperpigmentation is present in primary adrenocortical insufficiency
What is Trousseau's sign? - Correct answer-A carpal spasm elicited by compression of the upper arm
with a BP cuff that indicates hypocalcemia.
These signs, along with a family history of psychosis, can be predictive of schizophrenia, so referral for
psychiatric evaluation should be made. Unless symptoms are present longer than a month and the
patient is diagnosed, antipsychotic medications are not indicated. Without evaluation, these behaviors
should not be dismissed as normal. While these signs may raise concerns for schizophrenia, they are not
diagnostic.
A young male patient is reported to be more withdrawn from his peers than usual and has dropped out
of college and quit his job within the last 5 months. The parent is concerned that the patient may have
schizophrenia because a maternal uncle has the disease. What will the provider do next?
a. Ask about the patient's speech and thinking patterns
b. Consider treatment with antipsychotic medications
c. Reassure that classic symptoms of schizophrenia are not present
d. Refer the patient for inpatient psychiatric treatment - Correct answer-ANS: A
In order to diagnose schizophrenia, one or more of the positive signs of delusions, hallucinations, or
disorganized speech must be present. Unless there is a definitive diagnosis, hospitalization and
treatment are not indicated. The patient has some signs of schizophrenia, so further evaluation is
necessary before reassurance can be made.
Which are considered "negative" symptoms of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)
a. Auditory hallucinations
b. Delusions of persecution
,c. Impaired self-care
d. Poor school performance
e. Withdrawing from peers - Correct answer-ANS: C, D, E
Negative symptoms are those related to decrease or loss of normal functions and may include social
withdrawal, impaired self-care, and poor school performance. Hallucinations and delusional beliefs are
things added to normal behaviors and are considered positive symptoms of schizophrenia
What is Chovstek's sign? - Correct answer-A hemifacial tic that is induced by tapping the facial nerve
below the maxilla that indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Babinski's sign? - Correct answer-An upward response (extension) of the hallux when the sole of
the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. Can identify spinal cord disease in adults.
What is Romberg's sign? - Correct answer-Loss of balance in standing when eyes are closed. Usually
indicating a loss of proprioception or lesion in the cerebellum.
What is Homan's sign? - Correct answer-pain on passive dorsiflexion of ankle, associated with DVT.
What is the clinical presentation of Goodpasture's syndrome? - Correct answer-Urinalysis: Specific
gravity: 1.020. pH 5.5, 1+ albumin and large blood present.
Chest XR positive for bilateral diffuse infiltrates.
BUN 30, Cr 3.0
Symptoms: dyspnea with hemoptysis
What is Goodpasture syndrome? - Correct answer-Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular basement
membranes by cytotoxic antibody.
Initial treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome? - Correct answer-Hospitalization, pulse dose of steroids,
begin plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide therapy.
, Characteristics of Grave's disease - Correct answer-Ophthalmopathy (lid retraction, scleral show,
proptosis) and hyperthyroidism
What organism causes the formation of a staghorn calculus? - Correct answer-Proteus mirabilus
What organism causes Toxic shock syndrome? - Correct answer-Staphylococcus aureus
What electrolyte disturbance is most likely to lead to tetany and neuromuscular irritability? - Correct
answer-Hypocalcemia
Features of hypercalcemia include? - Correct answer-"Stones, groans, moans, and bones."
Delerium and renal stones
When you see hypochloremia, the patient may have? - Correct answer-Metabolic Alkalosis
Hyperkalemia is associated with what cardiac abnormalities? - Correct answer-peaked T-waves, wide
QRS, and ventricular arrhythmias.
A patient presents with arcus cornea, LDL 285, TG 110, HDL 45, and father died of an MI at age 45. What
is his most likely diagnosis? - Correct answer-Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
A fasting blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL indicates: - Correct answer-Diabetes
What are risk factors for ectopic pregnancy? - Correct answer-smoking, previous tubal surgery, previous
ectopic pregnancy, exposure to diethylibestrol, current IUD, PID, advanced maternal age, infertilitiy for
more than 2 years.
What hormones are most critical to replace in a patient at risk for anterior pituitary insufficiency? -
Correct answer-Glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormone
What is diabetes insipidus? - Correct answer-a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of ADH which
causes excessive water loss
