’
S' /
BROWN & MULHOLLAND'S
DRUG :
CALCULATIONS
RATIO AND PROPORTION PROBLEMS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE
.
Ann B Tritak-Elmiger
.
argaret A Farrell Daingerfield
TH EDITION
Student Resources on Evolve
Evolve
9
Access Code Inside
Complete Updated PDF
,Preface
To Instructors
Drug Calculations: Ratio and Proportion Problems for Clinical Practice was originally designed in the late
1970s as a basic practical resource for nursing students and faculty in classrooms and clinical areas. Ad-
ditional content was added over the years to be current with the increased roles and responsibilities of
the nurse and to be useful for refresher courses, nurses practicing in specialty areas, distance-learning
nursing students, and nursing students who must master the material independently.
e current text has been updated to reect feedback from reviewers, colleagues, and students, and
student needs related to current trends in nursing education and practice.
Continuing in This Edition
Ratio and proportion calculations are presented in the second chapter following a math review so that
the student has the method reinforced throughout the rest of the text for maximum competence. As
with earlier editions, the text presents one calculation method—ratio and proportion—to maximize the
teaching and learning time for reinforcement, practice, and mastery within the brief time the student
has to devote to this critical subject.
Fraction Cross-Product Multiplication setup of ratio and proportion calculations and the colon
setup show color-coded means and extremes examples to ensure correct factor placement.
Chapter objectives are logically organized and reect the progression of chapter content.
e material is sequential with logical steps and ample practice problems to facilitate mastery of the
concepts.
Medication administration “rights” are expanded to include preadministration assessment, reason,
and postadministration evaluation.
Examples of cultural responsiveness in the administration of medications are included.
e quizzes and tests are brief and can be completed in one sitting. Answers are worked out.
Each medication problem has a frequently encountered diagnosis attached to make the problem
more realistic and help the student assimilate clinical relevance.
A high-alert red ag is attached to the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) High Alert
Medications to call attention to these medications.
e sample hand-o communication report in Appendix D has highlighted medication-related
inclusions.
e Joint Commission (TJC), the ISMP abbreviations, and QSEN patient safety recommendations
are emphasized.
Clinical relevance and patient safety measures are included for the benet of students who are study-
ing independently as well as those in the classroom.
New to This Edition
• Addition of Next Generation National Council Licensure Examination questions (NGN) designed
to assess critical thinking, clinical judgment, and decision-making. Questions are based on the Na-
tional Council State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) Clinical Judgement Measurement Model cog-
nitive skills aligned with identied student learning outcomes. Each question is associated with
ix
Complete Updated PDF
, speciŀc chapter content and connects the selected learning outcomes, NGN item type, and cogni
tive skills with practice-based case studies. Answer keys provide rationale based on the student’s
responses.
• Vocabulary deŀnitions are updated to rełect current practice.
• Chapters address the 2020 Hospital National Patient Safety Goals of Identifying Patients Correctly, Use
Medications Safely, and Prevent Infection.
To Students
Drug Calculations: Ratio and Proportion Problems for Clinical Practice provides all the information, expla-
nation, and practice you need to competently and condently calculate drug dosages.
A General Mathematics Self-Assessment is provided as a refresher to identify areas needed for
further study. Chapter 1 provides a basic review of all the arithmetic needed to calculate medication
dosages. e Ratio and Proportion method of calculating dosages is used throughout the text. Chapter
2 introduces two Ratio and Proportion setups: Using colons and the Fraction Cross-Product (Multipli-
cation). You may use whichever R and P method you prefer. Be sure that you have complete mastery of
Chapter 1 and 2 before proceeding with the rest of the text.
Each chapter has a series of quizzes with a Multiple-Choice and Final test at the end of each chap-
ter. Each of the quizzes and tests can be completed in one sitting. Answers with proofs are worked out
in the Answer Key at the end of each chapter.
Clinical Alerts in red will point out potential errors that can occur in the clinical setting. Clinical
Relevance information is provided to help you connect math to the safe application in the clinical set-
ting. A high-alert medication icon ag is a visual reminder of high-risk drugs identied by the Institute
for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP).
Samples of look-alike medications that have caused medication errors are included. Pay close atten-
tion to all of the icons and textbox notes. ey relate to actual safe and unsafe practice. Tall Man letters
distinguish dierences between similar names.
Critical inking Exercises at the end of each chapter help you understand how medication errors
occur and how they might have been prevented. Discuss the exercises with other nursing students to
elicit various ways to avoid medication errors.
Multiple-Choice and Comprehensive Finals test your knowledge on all of the chapters studied.
Spend extra review time in the text on any questions that you cannot answer correctly.
Elsevier’s Interactive Drug Calculation Application, Version 1
is interactive drug calculations application provides hands-on, interactive practice for the user to
master drug calculations. Users can select the mode (Study, Exam, or Comprehensive Exam) and then
the category for study and exam modes. ere are eight categories that cover the main drug calculation
topics. Users are also able to select the number of problems they want to complete and their preferred
drug calculation method. A calculator is available for easy access within any mode, and the application
also provides history of the work done by the user.
Look for this icon at the end of the chapters. It will refer to Elsevier’s Interactive Drug Calculation
Application, Version 1 for additional practice problems and content information.
x Drug Calculations: Ratio and Proportion Problems for Clinical Practice
Complete Updated PDF
, Acknowledgments
We extend our thanks to all the reviewers, editors, production, and marketing teams who contributed
to this edition. We included as many of their recommendations as permitted by space, content, and text
design.
Ann B. Tritak-Elmiger is grateful for the love and support of her husband Frederick, her sister Paula,
and to all my students over the years who increased my love for teaching and nursing. I also thank my
Mother and my “big brother Peter” who were so proud of my career choice and hopefully still watch
over all of us from above.
Margaret A. Farrell Daingereld is eternally grateful for the love of her husband, Richard, who is al-
ways proud of any accomplishment, great or small; is thankful for her parents, Peggy and Joseph Farrell,
who supported her vision to become a nurse educator; and is proud of her children and grandchildren
as they strive to realize their dreams.
Ann B. Tritak-Elmiger
Margaret A. Farrell Daingereld
xi
Complete Updated PDF
S' /
BROWN & MULHOLLAND'S
DRUG :
CALCULATIONS
RATIO AND PROPORTION PROBLEMS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE
.
Ann B Tritak-Elmiger
.
argaret A Farrell Daingerfield
TH EDITION
Student Resources on Evolve
Evolve
9
Access Code Inside
Complete Updated PDF
,Preface
To Instructors
Drug Calculations: Ratio and Proportion Problems for Clinical Practice was originally designed in the late
1970s as a basic practical resource for nursing students and faculty in classrooms and clinical areas. Ad-
ditional content was added over the years to be current with the increased roles and responsibilities of
the nurse and to be useful for refresher courses, nurses practicing in specialty areas, distance-learning
nursing students, and nursing students who must master the material independently.
e current text has been updated to reect feedback from reviewers, colleagues, and students, and
student needs related to current trends in nursing education and practice.
Continuing in This Edition
Ratio and proportion calculations are presented in the second chapter following a math review so that
the student has the method reinforced throughout the rest of the text for maximum competence. As
with earlier editions, the text presents one calculation method—ratio and proportion—to maximize the
teaching and learning time for reinforcement, practice, and mastery within the brief time the student
has to devote to this critical subject.
Fraction Cross-Product Multiplication setup of ratio and proportion calculations and the colon
setup show color-coded means and extremes examples to ensure correct factor placement.
Chapter objectives are logically organized and reect the progression of chapter content.
e material is sequential with logical steps and ample practice problems to facilitate mastery of the
concepts.
Medication administration “rights” are expanded to include preadministration assessment, reason,
and postadministration evaluation.
Examples of cultural responsiveness in the administration of medications are included.
e quizzes and tests are brief and can be completed in one sitting. Answers are worked out.
Each medication problem has a frequently encountered diagnosis attached to make the problem
more realistic and help the student assimilate clinical relevance.
A high-alert red ag is attached to the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) High Alert
Medications to call attention to these medications.
e sample hand-o communication report in Appendix D has highlighted medication-related
inclusions.
e Joint Commission (TJC), the ISMP abbreviations, and QSEN patient safety recommendations
are emphasized.
Clinical relevance and patient safety measures are included for the benet of students who are study-
ing independently as well as those in the classroom.
New to This Edition
• Addition of Next Generation National Council Licensure Examination questions (NGN) designed
to assess critical thinking, clinical judgment, and decision-making. Questions are based on the Na-
tional Council State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) Clinical Judgement Measurement Model cog-
nitive skills aligned with identied student learning outcomes. Each question is associated with
ix
Complete Updated PDF
, speciŀc chapter content and connects the selected learning outcomes, NGN item type, and cogni
tive skills with practice-based case studies. Answer keys provide rationale based on the student’s
responses.
• Vocabulary deŀnitions are updated to rełect current practice.
• Chapters address the 2020 Hospital National Patient Safety Goals of Identifying Patients Correctly, Use
Medications Safely, and Prevent Infection.
To Students
Drug Calculations: Ratio and Proportion Problems for Clinical Practice provides all the information, expla-
nation, and practice you need to competently and condently calculate drug dosages.
A General Mathematics Self-Assessment is provided as a refresher to identify areas needed for
further study. Chapter 1 provides a basic review of all the arithmetic needed to calculate medication
dosages. e Ratio and Proportion method of calculating dosages is used throughout the text. Chapter
2 introduces two Ratio and Proportion setups: Using colons and the Fraction Cross-Product (Multipli-
cation). You may use whichever R and P method you prefer. Be sure that you have complete mastery of
Chapter 1 and 2 before proceeding with the rest of the text.
Each chapter has a series of quizzes with a Multiple-Choice and Final test at the end of each chap-
ter. Each of the quizzes and tests can be completed in one sitting. Answers with proofs are worked out
in the Answer Key at the end of each chapter.
Clinical Alerts in red will point out potential errors that can occur in the clinical setting. Clinical
Relevance information is provided to help you connect math to the safe application in the clinical set-
ting. A high-alert medication icon ag is a visual reminder of high-risk drugs identied by the Institute
for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP).
Samples of look-alike medications that have caused medication errors are included. Pay close atten-
tion to all of the icons and textbox notes. ey relate to actual safe and unsafe practice. Tall Man letters
distinguish dierences between similar names.
Critical inking Exercises at the end of each chapter help you understand how medication errors
occur and how they might have been prevented. Discuss the exercises with other nursing students to
elicit various ways to avoid medication errors.
Multiple-Choice and Comprehensive Finals test your knowledge on all of the chapters studied.
Spend extra review time in the text on any questions that you cannot answer correctly.
Elsevier’s Interactive Drug Calculation Application, Version 1
is interactive drug calculations application provides hands-on, interactive practice for the user to
master drug calculations. Users can select the mode (Study, Exam, or Comprehensive Exam) and then
the category for study and exam modes. ere are eight categories that cover the main drug calculation
topics. Users are also able to select the number of problems they want to complete and their preferred
drug calculation method. A calculator is available for easy access within any mode, and the application
also provides history of the work done by the user.
Look for this icon at the end of the chapters. It will refer to Elsevier’s Interactive Drug Calculation
Application, Version 1 for additional practice problems and content information.
x Drug Calculations: Ratio and Proportion Problems for Clinical Practice
Complete Updated PDF
, Acknowledgments
We extend our thanks to all the reviewers, editors, production, and marketing teams who contributed
to this edition. We included as many of their recommendations as permitted by space, content, and text
design.
Ann B. Tritak-Elmiger is grateful for the love and support of her husband Frederick, her sister Paula,
and to all my students over the years who increased my love for teaching and nursing. I also thank my
Mother and my “big brother Peter” who were so proud of my career choice and hopefully still watch
over all of us from above.
Margaret A. Farrell Daingereld is eternally grateful for the love of her husband, Richard, who is al-
ways proud of any accomplishment, great or small; is thankful for her parents, Peggy and Joseph Farrell,
who supported her vision to become a nurse educator; and is proud of her children and grandchildren
as they strive to realize their dreams.
Ann B. Tritak-Elmiger
Margaret A. Farrell Daingereld
xi
Complete Updated PDF
