Examl 1:l NUR265l /l NURl 265l (Latestl
2025/l 2026l Update)l Advancedl Conceptsl
ofl Medical-Surgicall Nursingl Review|l
Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l
Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Galen
Q:l Carefull managementl ofl conditionsl suchl asl diabetes,l hypertension,l andl heartl failurel
(HF)l canl ______l thel onsetl andl progressionl ofl CKD.
Answer:
Slow
Q:l Extracellularl volumel _________l canl occurl inl CKDl becausel thel bodyl losesl thel
capabilityl tol excretel sodium.l Thel ptl mayl havel edema,l pulmonaryl crackles,l shortnessl ofl
breath,l andl pleurall orl pericardiall effusionl (w/l symptomsl ofl al frictionl rubl and/orl
decreasedl breathl soundsl orl heartl sounds).
Answer:
Overload
Q:l Inl thel laterl stagesl ofl CKD,l kidneyl excretionl ofl sodiuml isl reducedl asl urinel
productionl decreases.l Thisl leadsl tol ______________l w/l onlyl mildl increasesl inl dietaryl
sodiuml intake.
Answer:
Hypernatremia
Q:l _______________l complicationsl froml AKIl includel hyperkalemia,l hyponatremia,l
hypocalcemia,l hypophosphatemia,l hyperlipidemia,l andl metabolicl acidosis.
Answer:
,Metabolic
Q:l _______________l complicationsl froml AKIl includel edema,l HF,l PE,l pericarditis,l
pericardiall effusion,l HTN,l andl MI.
Answer:
Cardiopulmonary
Q:l _______________l complicationsl froml AKIl includel neuromuscularl irritabilityl orl
weakness,l asterixis,l seizures,l andl mentall statusl changes.
Answer:
Neurologic
Q:l _______________l complicationsl froml AKIl includel pneumonial andl sepsis.
Answer:
Immune/infectious
Q:l _______________l complicationsl froml AKIl includel N/V,l decreasedl peristalsis,l
enterall nutritionl intolerance,l malnutrition,l ulcerl formation,l andl bleeding.
Answer:
GI
Q:l _______________l complicationsl froml AKIl includel bleeding,l thrombosis,l andl
anemia.
Answer:
Hematologic
,Q:l _____________l causesl ofl AKIl includel blood/fluidl loss,l BPl meds,l MI,l heartl
disease,l infection,l liverl failure,l ASA,l NSAIDs,l anaphylaxis,l burns,l dehydration,l renall
arteryl stenosis,l andl atherosclerosis.
Answer:
Prerenal
Q:l _____________l causesl ofl AKIl includel bloodl clotsl inl nearbyl veins/arteries,l
cholesteroll deposits,l glomerulonephritis,l hemolyticl uremicl syndrome,l pyelonephritis,l
lupus,l ABX,l chemo,l contrastl dye,l scleroderma,l andl TTP.
Answer:
Intrarenal
Q:l _____________l causesl ofl AKIl includel bladder,l colon,l cervical,l andl prostatel
cancers,l enlargedl prostate,l kidneyl stones,l nervel damage,l andl bloodl clotsl inl thel urinaryl
tract.
Answer:
Postrenal
Q:l Reportl al urinel outputl ofl lessl thanl ____l mL/hrl forl 2l hoursl orl darkl amberl urinel
tol thel primaryl healthl carel provider.
Answer:
30
Q:l Ifl al ptl hasl al catheter,l assessl urinel outputl everyl ______l afterl surgeryl untill stable,l
duringl fluidl resuscitationl forl shockl orl hypotension,l andl whenl thel patientl hasl al highl
riskl forl AKIl followingl hospitall admission.
Answer:
Hour
, Q:l Teachl ptsl w/l kidneyl issuesl tol avoidl sugary,l high-caloriel ________;l theyl providel
low-qualityl caloriesl thatl contributel tol weightl gainl andl sugar-inducedl urination.
Answer:
Drinks
Q:l Thisl classl ofl drugsl isl usedl inl thel Txl ofl CKD.l Thisl classl increasesl urinel outputl
tol managel volumel overloadl whenl urinaryl eliminationl isl stilll present.l Theyl arel notl
effectivel inl managingl ESKD.
Answer:
Loopl diuretics
Q:l Forl thel ptl takingl loopl diuretics,l monitorl I&Ol tol assessl effectiveness.l Generallyl
thel expectedl outcomel isl forl outputl tol bel _________l thanl intakel byl 500-1000/mL/24l hr.
Answer:
Greater
Q:l Forl thel ptl takingl loopl diuretics,l monitorl electrolytesl becausel thesel drugsl resultl inl
______l ofl potassium.
Answer:
Loss
Q:l Chestl discomfortl thatl occursl w/l moderate-to-prolongedl exertionl inl al patternl thatl isl
familiarl tol thel pt.
Answer:
Chronicl stablel angina
Q:l Anl increasel inl thel numberl ofl attacksl andl inl thel intensityl ofl pressurel indicatesl
________l angina.
2025/l 2026l Update)l Advancedl Conceptsl
ofl Medical-Surgicall Nursingl Review|l
Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l
Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Galen
Q:l Carefull managementl ofl conditionsl suchl asl diabetes,l hypertension,l andl heartl failurel
(HF)l canl ______l thel onsetl andl progressionl ofl CKD.
Answer:
Slow
Q:l Extracellularl volumel _________l canl occurl inl CKDl becausel thel bodyl losesl thel
capabilityl tol excretel sodium.l Thel ptl mayl havel edema,l pulmonaryl crackles,l shortnessl ofl
breath,l andl pleurall orl pericardiall effusionl (w/l symptomsl ofl al frictionl rubl and/orl
decreasedl breathl soundsl orl heartl sounds).
Answer:
Overload
Q:l Inl thel laterl stagesl ofl CKD,l kidneyl excretionl ofl sodiuml isl reducedl asl urinel
productionl decreases.l Thisl leadsl tol ______________l w/l onlyl mildl increasesl inl dietaryl
sodiuml intake.
Answer:
Hypernatremia
Q:l _______________l complicationsl froml AKIl includel hyperkalemia,l hyponatremia,l
hypocalcemia,l hypophosphatemia,l hyperlipidemia,l andl metabolicl acidosis.
Answer:
,Metabolic
Q:l _______________l complicationsl froml AKIl includel edema,l HF,l PE,l pericarditis,l
pericardiall effusion,l HTN,l andl MI.
Answer:
Cardiopulmonary
Q:l _______________l complicationsl froml AKIl includel neuromuscularl irritabilityl orl
weakness,l asterixis,l seizures,l andl mentall statusl changes.
Answer:
Neurologic
Q:l _______________l complicationsl froml AKIl includel pneumonial andl sepsis.
Answer:
Immune/infectious
Q:l _______________l complicationsl froml AKIl includel N/V,l decreasedl peristalsis,l
enterall nutritionl intolerance,l malnutrition,l ulcerl formation,l andl bleeding.
Answer:
GI
Q:l _______________l complicationsl froml AKIl includel bleeding,l thrombosis,l andl
anemia.
Answer:
Hematologic
,Q:l _____________l causesl ofl AKIl includel blood/fluidl loss,l BPl meds,l MI,l heartl
disease,l infection,l liverl failure,l ASA,l NSAIDs,l anaphylaxis,l burns,l dehydration,l renall
arteryl stenosis,l andl atherosclerosis.
Answer:
Prerenal
Q:l _____________l causesl ofl AKIl includel bloodl clotsl inl nearbyl veins/arteries,l
cholesteroll deposits,l glomerulonephritis,l hemolyticl uremicl syndrome,l pyelonephritis,l
lupus,l ABX,l chemo,l contrastl dye,l scleroderma,l andl TTP.
Answer:
Intrarenal
Q:l _____________l causesl ofl AKIl includel bladder,l colon,l cervical,l andl prostatel
cancers,l enlargedl prostate,l kidneyl stones,l nervel damage,l andl bloodl clotsl inl thel urinaryl
tract.
Answer:
Postrenal
Q:l Reportl al urinel outputl ofl lessl thanl ____l mL/hrl forl 2l hoursl orl darkl amberl urinel
tol thel primaryl healthl carel provider.
Answer:
30
Q:l Ifl al ptl hasl al catheter,l assessl urinel outputl everyl ______l afterl surgeryl untill stable,l
duringl fluidl resuscitationl forl shockl orl hypotension,l andl whenl thel patientl hasl al highl
riskl forl AKIl followingl hospitall admission.
Answer:
Hour
, Q:l Teachl ptsl w/l kidneyl issuesl tol avoidl sugary,l high-caloriel ________;l theyl providel
low-qualityl caloriesl thatl contributel tol weightl gainl andl sugar-inducedl urination.
Answer:
Drinks
Q:l Thisl classl ofl drugsl isl usedl inl thel Txl ofl CKD.l Thisl classl increasesl urinel outputl
tol managel volumel overloadl whenl urinaryl eliminationl isl stilll present.l Theyl arel notl
effectivel inl managingl ESKD.
Answer:
Loopl diuretics
Q:l Forl thel ptl takingl loopl diuretics,l monitorl I&Ol tol assessl effectiveness.l Generallyl
thel expectedl outcomel isl forl outputl tol bel _________l thanl intakel byl 500-1000/mL/24l hr.
Answer:
Greater
Q:l Forl thel ptl takingl loopl diuretics,l monitorl electrolytesl becausel thesel drugsl resultl inl
______l ofl potassium.
Answer:
Loss
Q:l Chestl discomfortl thatl occursl w/l moderate-to-prolongedl exertionl inl al patternl thatl isl
familiarl tol thel pt.
Answer:
Chronicl stablel angina
Q:l Anl increasel inl thel numberl ofl attacksl andl inl thel intensityl ofl pressurel indicatesl
________l angina.
