BIO 322 – 2026 125 Revised Questions with
100% Correct Answers (Graded A+)
Glaucophyte - Freshwater microscopic algae
peptidoglycan - -Unlike other plants, Glaucophyte chloroplast has retained _____________ between
the 2 enveloped membranes (bacterial endosymbiosis)
Rhodophyta (red algae) - most live in marine environments but Some live in freshwater, or even in
terrestrial niches (ex: on snow in Arctic)
coralline - Some multicellular forms of Rhodophyta are called
crust - coralline are Not coral but have calcium carbonate crystals around their cell wall called
food-Nori (red algae) are used in sushi
Carrageenan- extracted from red algae (e.g. Chondrus crispus): thickener, gelling agent, stabilizer
- toothpaste, dog food, chocolate, baby food
Agar: food thickener, gelatinous
- liquid media becomes solid with addition of agar
(microbiology) - how is Rhodophyta used by humans ?
- triphasic life cycle (alternation of 3 generations: gametophyte (n), carposporophyte(2n), and
tetrasporophyte (2n))
- no flagellated cells at any point in their life cycle - Life cycle of red algae is a
- Chloroplastida (monophyletic)
- contains pigments: chlorophyll a and b, carotene, and xanthophyll - green plants (green algae and
land plants)
,starch (amylose or amylopectin), fat - Store energy/food as ______ in land plants and ______in
animals
Chlorophyta (green algae) - chlorophyll b is the preponderant pigment in
land plants - chlorophyll a is preponderant in
biofuel
bioplastics
feedstock
animal feed
fertillizer
food
vitamins
cosmetics - Ecosystem services for "Green algae"
Chlorophyta - 90% are found in freshwater
Flagellated-Chlamydomonas
No flagellum- Haematococcus - Unicellular Chlorophyta
strong antioxidant (astaxanthin) in stressful conditions and changes color - Haematococcus produces
gonium and platydorina - Chlorophyta
-Colonial
- flattened
tetraspora - Chlorophyta
-Colonial
-sac-like
, pandorina (8-16 cells)
eudorina (16-32 cells)
volvox (500-1000x cells) - Chlorophyta
-Colonial
-spherical
ulva - a multicellular chlorophyta with a Haplodiplontic isomorphic life cycle
oedogonium
ulothrix - Chlorophyta
-Filamentous
haplontic - Ulothrix life cycle
spirogyra
zygnema - Charophyta: Zygnemophycae
-•Filamentous
Haplontic - spirogyra life cycle
through conjugation tube - how does Spirogyra exchange genetic material ?
Zygnemophycae:
- filamentous, desmids
- can use conjugation tube to exchange genetic material - Differentiate the conjugated green algae
(Zygnemophycae) from the Chlorophyta green algae
•Most closely related to land plants
100% Correct Answers (Graded A+)
Glaucophyte - Freshwater microscopic algae
peptidoglycan - -Unlike other plants, Glaucophyte chloroplast has retained _____________ between
the 2 enveloped membranes (bacterial endosymbiosis)
Rhodophyta (red algae) - most live in marine environments but Some live in freshwater, or even in
terrestrial niches (ex: on snow in Arctic)
coralline - Some multicellular forms of Rhodophyta are called
crust - coralline are Not coral but have calcium carbonate crystals around their cell wall called
food-Nori (red algae) are used in sushi
Carrageenan- extracted from red algae (e.g. Chondrus crispus): thickener, gelling agent, stabilizer
- toothpaste, dog food, chocolate, baby food
Agar: food thickener, gelatinous
- liquid media becomes solid with addition of agar
(microbiology) - how is Rhodophyta used by humans ?
- triphasic life cycle (alternation of 3 generations: gametophyte (n), carposporophyte(2n), and
tetrasporophyte (2n))
- no flagellated cells at any point in their life cycle - Life cycle of red algae is a
- Chloroplastida (monophyletic)
- contains pigments: chlorophyll a and b, carotene, and xanthophyll - green plants (green algae and
land plants)
,starch (amylose or amylopectin), fat - Store energy/food as ______ in land plants and ______in
animals
Chlorophyta (green algae) - chlorophyll b is the preponderant pigment in
land plants - chlorophyll a is preponderant in
biofuel
bioplastics
feedstock
animal feed
fertillizer
food
vitamins
cosmetics - Ecosystem services for "Green algae"
Chlorophyta - 90% are found in freshwater
Flagellated-Chlamydomonas
No flagellum- Haematococcus - Unicellular Chlorophyta
strong antioxidant (astaxanthin) in stressful conditions and changes color - Haematococcus produces
gonium and platydorina - Chlorophyta
-Colonial
- flattened
tetraspora - Chlorophyta
-Colonial
-sac-like
, pandorina (8-16 cells)
eudorina (16-32 cells)
volvox (500-1000x cells) - Chlorophyta
-Colonial
-spherical
ulva - a multicellular chlorophyta with a Haplodiplontic isomorphic life cycle
oedogonium
ulothrix - Chlorophyta
-Filamentous
haplontic - Ulothrix life cycle
spirogyra
zygnema - Charophyta: Zygnemophycae
-•Filamentous
Haplontic - spirogyra life cycle
through conjugation tube - how does Spirogyra exchange genetic material ?
Zygnemophycae:
- filamentous, desmids
- can use conjugation tube to exchange genetic material - Differentiate the conjugated green algae
(Zygnemophycae) from the Chlorophyta green algae
•Most closely related to land plants
