Psych 370 Exam 4 Study Guide Exam Questions With Advanced Answers Graded A+.

Factor analysis - correct answer a mathematical procedure for reducing a large number of variables to a few; used by Eysenck and others to identify personality traits and factors -Example: when you take a multiple choice intro psychology test, a factor analysis can be done to see what types of questions you did best on and worst on (maybe they did best on factual types of questions but really poorly on conceptual types of questions) Humanistic theories: - correct answer the primary assumption of the humanistic approach is that people strive towards meaning, growth, well-being, happiness and psychological health. Humanism - correct answer -Focus on healthy aspects of human experience -Phenomenological approach -Emphasis on the present -Assumption that people are inherently good Idiographic - correct answer -approach to the study of personality based on the single case -Focuses on the uniqueness of the individual rather than developing theories of behavior that can be generalized to the population Nomothetic - correct answer approach to the study of personality based on general laws or principles Example: Big Five personality traits uses personality characteristics and generalizes them from the individual to the population as a whole Growth-oriented psychology - correct answer -Studied healthy and functional people -Want to focus on people who achieved purpose in life; how are they doing it, and how can we help more people to do it Eschewed the scientific method - correct answer cannot break humanity down into parts and study it analytically Maslow's theory of personality does what? - correct answer stresses both the unity of the organism and the motivational aspects of personality. It assumes that the whole person is constantly being motivated by one need or another and that people have the potential to grow towards psychological health; self actualization. Maslow's need hierarchy - correct answer -Hierarchy of needs: Maslow's concept that needs are ordered in such a manner that those on a lower level must be satisfied before higher level needs become activated -From animalistic needs to uniquely human motivations -Five levels: four 'deficiency', one 'being' motivations -Deficiency: basic needs are unmet, four deficiency needs emerge in a particular order, when each is sufficiently met (can differ between person), the next achieves salience -Conative needs: needs that pertain to willful and purposive striving (basic needs) What are the 4 levels of needs that need to be met? - correct answer -Physiological needs -safety and security needs -love and belongingness needs -esteem needs Self-actualization needs (Maslow) - correct answer the highest level of human motivation; they include the need to fully develop all of one's psychological capacities Self-actualization (Rogers) - correct answer a subsystem of the actualizing tendency; to tendency to actualize the self as perceived Phenomenology - correct answer a philosophical position emphasizing that behavior is caused by one's perceptions rather than by external reality -A phenomenological event involves an event or object that is experienced by human consciousness Positive psychology - correct answer a relatively new field of psychology that combines the emphasis on hope, optimism, and well-being with and emphasis on research and assessment Actualizing tendency - correct answer tendency within all people to move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials OVP - correct answer process by which experiences are valued according to optimal enhancement of organism and self -A person's inner sense that guides him/her in the direction of growth and health -You are naturally inclined to reach your highest potential and become your best possible self -Every person is intrinsically good Unconditional positive regard - correct answer the need to be accepted and prized by another without any restrictions or qualifications; one of three 'necessary and sufficient' therapeutic conditions -When one person is completely accepting toward another person, it is an attitude that is then demonstrated through behavior Conditions of worth - correct answer they perceive that their parents, peers, or partners love and accept them only if they meet those people's expectations and approval. "A condition of worth arises when the positive regard of a significant other is conditional, when the individual feels that in some respects he [or she] is prized and in others not Rogers' notion of a fully-functioning person - correct answer -the psychologically healthy individual in the process of evolving into all that he or she can become --Openness to experience ---Receptive to the subjective and objective happenings in life --Existential living ---A tendency to live fully in each moment --Organismic trusting