Modalities Exam 3 Study Guide Questions & Answers

When do you MOST commonly use Sensory TENS? - ANSWERSConditions: □ acute pain □ joint mobilization techniques □ pain associated with positional or dynamic stretch What is the best Modality to use with muscle weakness? - ANSWERSNMES Which current flow is important with NMES? - ANSWERSCathode (Negative Electrode) is the most active (NMES) Where is the black cathode electrode (-) placed? - ANSWERSMotor Point (NMES) Where is the Anode red electrode (+) placed? - ANSWERSAlong the muscle...? What is the difference between Alternating and Synchronous? - ANSWERSAlternating: channels one and two alternate (one is on and the other is off and switch periodically throughout the treatment) Synchronous: channels one and two are on at the same time Duty Cycle for Muscle Spasm - ANSWERS1:1 (2-5 seconds on) Duty Cycle for Muscle Strengthening - ANSWERS1:3 or higher for ROM/strengthening (6-10 seconds on) Duty Cycle for Muscle Re-ed - ANSWERS1:3 for muscle re-ed (6-10sec on) What are the colors of Wound Care? - ANSWERSRed Yellow Black What does a red wound indicate? - ANSWERS-Granulation tissue present -Clean and healing What does a yellow wound indicate? - ANSWERS-Contains slough or fibrous exudate -Increased chance for infection due to potential bacterial growth -Debridement necessary What does a black wound indicate? - ANSWERS-Necrotic tissue -Increased chance for infection due to potential bacterial growth -Debridement necessary What phase of healing do we see Phagocytosis? - ANSWERSInflammation Phase What is going on within Phagocytosis and Macrophages? - ANSWERSPhagocytosis occurs by macrophages Type of auto lyric debridement -Engulf bacteria -Clean the wound -Breakdown necrotic tissue Know all the E-Stim full names for the abbreviations - ANSWERS... What is Angiogenesis? - ANSWERSFormation of new blood vessels When does Angiogenesis occur? (Phase) - ANSWERSProliferative Phase What is Collagen Synthesis? - ANSWERSCollagen Formation What is Collagen Lysis? - ANSWERSCollagen Breakdown When does Collagen Synth/lysis occur? (Phase) - ANSWERSRemodeling Phase Know the Endorphin and Gate Control Theory on a basic level. - ANSWERS... NMES: when do you use the Asymmetrical waveform? - ANSWERSsmaller muscles NMES: when do you use the Symmetrical waveform? - ANSWERSlarger muscles What are the most common used Iontophoresis medications? and their polarity and know basically why you would use each. - ANSWERS How polarity work with Iontophoresis? - ANSWERSLike charges repel (charged drugs are repelled by an electrode of the same charge -- pushed into the skin) What are the best conductors of electrical current? - ANSWERSTissues composed of high water content such as muscle, nerves and blood contain 70-90% water making them good conductors of current; Skin, bone, tendon, fascia and adipose tissue only contain 5-15% water and are weak conductors of current (Bracciano, p. 171) What are the muscles in the shoulder where you would place electrodes for a hemiplegic shoulder? - ANSWERS(according to notes) Bipolar: Posterior deltoid and supraspinatus; Quadripolar: Posterior deltoid, supraspinatus, anterior deltoid, and infraspinatus Pressure Ulcer Grade 1: - ANSWERSIntact kin with non-blanchable redness of a localized area, usually over a bony prominence skin is not broken but is red or discolored partial thickness skin loss skin can be warm or cool Pressure Ulcer Grade 2: - ANSWERSPartial-thickness skin erosion with loss of epidermis potentially also part of the dermis. Superficial ulcer looks shallow like an abrasion or open blister with a red-pink wound bed. Pressure Ulcer Grade 3: - ANSWERSFull-thickness pressure ulcer extending into the subcutaneous tissue and resembling a crater. May see subcutaneous fat but not muscle, bone, or tendon. Possible tunneling Pressure Ulcer Grade 4: - ANSWERSFull-thickness pressure ulcer involves all skin layers and extends into supporting tissue. Exposes muscle, tendon, or bone, and may show slough (stringy matter attached to wound bed) or eschar (black or brown necrotic tissue). Know the 3 degree of burns to skin. - ANSWERS...next... 1st Degree Burn: - ANSWERSOnly the epidermis (red, painful, and edema)