PSYC 140 Developmental Psychology
Module 5 Exam Questions with Correct
Detailed Answers || Already Graded A+
<Recent Version>
Portage Learning
1. What are the three level of moral reasoning? - ANSWER ✔
Preconventional Reasoning
2. Conventional Reasoning
3. Post-conventional
2. Preconventional Reasoning- ANSWER ✔
decisions are primarily concerned with the self and the
consequences one's of actions. (punishment and reward)
3. Conventional Reasoning- ANSWER ✔
decision are made by the acceptance of social rules (good and
moral) reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers,
authorities, and society.
4. Children exercising conventional reasoning believe that-
ANSWER ✔
- obeys parents and authoritative figures is what's right
- kindness and justice are key concerns
- focus on fairness in friendships ("that's not fair" phrases are
used)
-follow rules and become upset when rules are broken
,5. Post-conventional Morality- ANSWER ✔
decision are made based on actions reflecting belief in basic rights
and self-defined ethical principles
6. Post-conventional Morality can be.. - ANSWER ✔
problematic areas of cultures
7. Children exercising post- conventional reasoning believe that-
ANSWER ✔
- might advocate for breaking rules when a principle overrides
rules
-focused more on moral code
-believes God would reward moral behavior over following a
rule
8. T/F: Children move through Kohlberg's moral stages in sequential
order
- ANSWER ✔ True
9. What are the flaws in Kolhberg's study design? - ANSWER ✔
gender bias (all males), culture bias, moral bias, and age bias (one
age group)
10. Kolhberg's theory helped ___, but did not emphasize-
ANSWER ✔
understand how children and adults think through moral dilemmas;
moral relativism
11. Concrete Operations Stage help encourage progressions away
from ___ and towards
- ANSWER ✔ egocentric reasoning; prosocial principles
societal reasoning
,12. What does Kohlberg's theory of moral development suggest?
- ANSWER ✔
it suggest that moral logic is primarily focused on seeking and
maintaining justice
13. Whose theory did Kohlberg use to expand is own? -
ANSWER ✔
Jean Piaget
14. How many and what are the stages of moral development?
6 stages: - ANSWER ✔
1. Obedience and punishment
2. Individualism and Exchange
3. Developing good interpersonal relationships
4. Maintaining social order
5. Social contract and individualism rights
6. Universal principles
15. Compare and contrast physical growth in early and middle
childhood. - ANSWER ✔ In the cephalocaudal pattern of growth,
we see development beginning with the head in infancy and early
childhood. By middle childhood, major growth can be seen in
additional areas; namely, height and weight. The child becomes
more proportional in terms of head to full body ratio. In the
proximodistal pattern of growth, gross motor skill development
occurs in early childhood, while fine motor skills are more readily
gained in middle childhood.
16. What factors contribute to childhood obesity? What
approaches can be used to minimize childhood obesity? -
ANSWER ✔ There are physical contributions like genetics, but
also social determinants like access to food, stress, and adequate
, sleep. In terms of minimizing childhood obesity, early education
and community programs that promote access to healthy foods and
physical activity are important.
17. What are typical symptoms of ADHD? What are
recommended treatments? - ANSWER ✔ Symptoms are broken
into two categories: inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive.
Inattentive symptoms involve overlooking details or making what
seem to be careless mistakes, along with being very distractable.
Hyperactive-impulsive symptoms center around inability to remain
still and quiet. Children with these symptoms might be fidgety, talk
excessively, and have difficulty waiting for their turn. Treatments
focus on both behavioral therapy so they can monitor their own
behavior and reward themselves when they behave appropriately.
Another major treatment type is medication, typically stimulants.
18. According to Piaget, what cognitive gains or improvements
are made during the Concrete Operational Stage? - ANSWER ✔
Conservation, seriation, and logical thinking.
19. Describe the four peer statuses and potential outcomes in
adolescence and adulthood pertaining to each. - ANSWER ✔
Popular children tend to be well-liked by their peers and are often
socially skilled. These skills often continue into adulthood.
Rejected children are actively disliked and some may engage in
behaviors that encourage this dislike. Rejected children are at risk
for a variety of problems in the future, such as drug use,
aggression, and delinquency. Neglected children are largely
ignored by their peers, but they may in fact be socially skilled.
They seem to have similar outcomes as average children.
Controversial children receive both positive and negative votes,
and outcomes for these children tend to be mixed (some positive,
some negative, depending on the child).
Module 5 Exam Questions with Correct
Detailed Answers || Already Graded A+
<Recent Version>
Portage Learning
1. What are the three level of moral reasoning? - ANSWER ✔
Preconventional Reasoning
2. Conventional Reasoning
3. Post-conventional
2. Preconventional Reasoning- ANSWER ✔
decisions are primarily concerned with the self and the
consequences one's of actions. (punishment and reward)
3. Conventional Reasoning- ANSWER ✔
decision are made by the acceptance of social rules (good and
moral) reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers,
authorities, and society.
4. Children exercising conventional reasoning believe that-
ANSWER ✔
- obeys parents and authoritative figures is what's right
- kindness and justice are key concerns
- focus on fairness in friendships ("that's not fair" phrases are
used)
-follow rules and become upset when rules are broken
,5. Post-conventional Morality- ANSWER ✔
decision are made based on actions reflecting belief in basic rights
and self-defined ethical principles
6. Post-conventional Morality can be.. - ANSWER ✔
problematic areas of cultures
7. Children exercising post- conventional reasoning believe that-
ANSWER ✔
- might advocate for breaking rules when a principle overrides
rules
-focused more on moral code
-believes God would reward moral behavior over following a
rule
8. T/F: Children move through Kohlberg's moral stages in sequential
order
- ANSWER ✔ True
9. What are the flaws in Kolhberg's study design? - ANSWER ✔
gender bias (all males), culture bias, moral bias, and age bias (one
age group)
10. Kolhberg's theory helped ___, but did not emphasize-
ANSWER ✔
understand how children and adults think through moral dilemmas;
moral relativism
11. Concrete Operations Stage help encourage progressions away
from ___ and towards
- ANSWER ✔ egocentric reasoning; prosocial principles
societal reasoning
,12. What does Kohlberg's theory of moral development suggest?
- ANSWER ✔
it suggest that moral logic is primarily focused on seeking and
maintaining justice
13. Whose theory did Kohlberg use to expand is own? -
ANSWER ✔
Jean Piaget
14. How many and what are the stages of moral development?
6 stages: - ANSWER ✔
1. Obedience and punishment
2. Individualism and Exchange
3. Developing good interpersonal relationships
4. Maintaining social order
5. Social contract and individualism rights
6. Universal principles
15. Compare and contrast physical growth in early and middle
childhood. - ANSWER ✔ In the cephalocaudal pattern of growth,
we see development beginning with the head in infancy and early
childhood. By middle childhood, major growth can be seen in
additional areas; namely, height and weight. The child becomes
more proportional in terms of head to full body ratio. In the
proximodistal pattern of growth, gross motor skill development
occurs in early childhood, while fine motor skills are more readily
gained in middle childhood.
16. What factors contribute to childhood obesity? What
approaches can be used to minimize childhood obesity? -
ANSWER ✔ There are physical contributions like genetics, but
also social determinants like access to food, stress, and adequate
, sleep. In terms of minimizing childhood obesity, early education
and community programs that promote access to healthy foods and
physical activity are important.
17. What are typical symptoms of ADHD? What are
recommended treatments? - ANSWER ✔ Symptoms are broken
into two categories: inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive.
Inattentive symptoms involve overlooking details or making what
seem to be careless mistakes, along with being very distractable.
Hyperactive-impulsive symptoms center around inability to remain
still and quiet. Children with these symptoms might be fidgety, talk
excessively, and have difficulty waiting for their turn. Treatments
focus on both behavioral therapy so they can monitor their own
behavior and reward themselves when they behave appropriately.
Another major treatment type is medication, typically stimulants.
18. According to Piaget, what cognitive gains or improvements
are made during the Concrete Operational Stage? - ANSWER ✔
Conservation, seriation, and logical thinking.
19. Describe the four peer statuses and potential outcomes in
adolescence and adulthood pertaining to each. - ANSWER ✔
Popular children tend to be well-liked by their peers and are often
socially skilled. These skills often continue into adulthood.
Rejected children are actively disliked and some may engage in
behaviors that encourage this dislike. Rejected children are at risk
for a variety of problems in the future, such as drug use,
aggression, and delinquency. Neglected children are largely
ignored by their peers, but they may in fact be socially skilled.
They seem to have similar outcomes as average children.
Controversial children receive both positive and negative votes,
and outcomes for these children tend to be mixed (some positive,
some negative, depending on the child).
