1. Which of the following is the most common cause of blindness
worldwide?
A) Diabetic Retinopathy
B) Cataract
C) Glaucoma
D) Age-related Macular Degeneration
Answer: B) Cataract
Rationale: Cataracts account for a significant percentage of blindness
globally, particularly in low-income countries where access to surgical
treatment is limited.
2. A 65-year-old patient presents with painless, progressive loss of
vision in one eye. Slit-lamp examination reveals lens opacity.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Retinal Detachment
B) Cataract
C) Keratoconus
D) Open-Angle Glaucoma
Answer: B) Cataract
Rationale: Painless, progressive vision loss with lens opacity is
characteristic of cataracts, a common condition in older adults.
3. Which test is primarily used to diagnose open-angle glaucoma?
A) Fundoscopy
B) Tonometry
C) Visual Field Test
D) Slit-lamp Examination
,Answer: B) Tonometry
Rationale: Tonometry measures intraocular pressure, which is a key
parameter in diagnosing open-angle glaucoma.
4. What is the mainstay of treatment for angle-closure glaucoma?
A) Beta-blocker eye drops
B) Trabeculectomy
C) Laser Iridotomy
D) Corticosteroid eye drops
Answer: C) Laser Iridotomy
Rationale: Laser iridotomy creates a new drainage pathway in angle-
closure glaucoma, helping to reduce intraocular pressure.
5. A cherry-red spot on the macula is a clinical finding associated
with which condition?
A) Retinitis Pigmentosa
B) Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
C) Diabetic Macular Edema
D) Optic Neuritis
Answer: B) Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Rationale: A cherry-red spot is a hallmark of central retinal artery
occlusion due to retinal ischemia.
6. What is the first-line treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?
A) Oral antibiotics
B) Antiviral medications
, C) Topical antibiotics
D) Steroid eye drops
Answer: C) Topical antibiotics
Rationale: Bacterial conjunctivitis is typically treated with topical
antibiotics to eliminate the infection.
7. Which layer of the cornea contributes most significantly to its
transparency?
A) Epithelium
B) Stroma
C) Endothelium
D) Descemet's Membrane
Answer: C) Endothelium
Rationale: The endothelium maintains corneal dehydration, which is
crucial for its transparency.
8. A patient complains of sudden loss of vision described as a
"curtain coming down" over the visual field. What is the likely
diagnosis?
A) Optic Neuritis
B) Retinal Detachment
C) Glaucoma
D) Cataract
Answer: B) Retinal Detachment
Rationale: The description is classic for retinal detachment, which
requires prompt intervention to preserve vision.
worldwide?
A) Diabetic Retinopathy
B) Cataract
C) Glaucoma
D) Age-related Macular Degeneration
Answer: B) Cataract
Rationale: Cataracts account for a significant percentage of blindness
globally, particularly in low-income countries where access to surgical
treatment is limited.
2. A 65-year-old patient presents with painless, progressive loss of
vision in one eye. Slit-lamp examination reveals lens opacity.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Retinal Detachment
B) Cataract
C) Keratoconus
D) Open-Angle Glaucoma
Answer: B) Cataract
Rationale: Painless, progressive vision loss with lens opacity is
characteristic of cataracts, a common condition in older adults.
3. Which test is primarily used to diagnose open-angle glaucoma?
A) Fundoscopy
B) Tonometry
C) Visual Field Test
D) Slit-lamp Examination
,Answer: B) Tonometry
Rationale: Tonometry measures intraocular pressure, which is a key
parameter in diagnosing open-angle glaucoma.
4. What is the mainstay of treatment for angle-closure glaucoma?
A) Beta-blocker eye drops
B) Trabeculectomy
C) Laser Iridotomy
D) Corticosteroid eye drops
Answer: C) Laser Iridotomy
Rationale: Laser iridotomy creates a new drainage pathway in angle-
closure glaucoma, helping to reduce intraocular pressure.
5. A cherry-red spot on the macula is a clinical finding associated
with which condition?
A) Retinitis Pigmentosa
B) Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
C) Diabetic Macular Edema
D) Optic Neuritis
Answer: B) Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Rationale: A cherry-red spot is a hallmark of central retinal artery
occlusion due to retinal ischemia.
6. What is the first-line treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?
A) Oral antibiotics
B) Antiviral medications
, C) Topical antibiotics
D) Steroid eye drops
Answer: C) Topical antibiotics
Rationale: Bacterial conjunctivitis is typically treated with topical
antibiotics to eliminate the infection.
7. Which layer of the cornea contributes most significantly to its
transparency?
A) Epithelium
B) Stroma
C) Endothelium
D) Descemet's Membrane
Answer: C) Endothelium
Rationale: The endothelium maintains corneal dehydration, which is
crucial for its transparency.
8. A patient complains of sudden loss of vision described as a
"curtain coming down" over the visual field. What is the likely
diagnosis?
A) Optic Neuritis
B) Retinal Detachment
C) Glaucoma
D) Cataract
Answer: B) Retinal Detachment
Rationale: The description is classic for retinal detachment, which
requires prompt intervention to preserve vision.
