NR566 final EXAM LATEST 2025 / NR 566 FINAL EXAM 150
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH DEEP
EXPLANATIONS(GUARANTEED PASS 100%)// ALL YOU NEED
TO PASS NUR 602 FINAL EXAM WITH MOST TEST
QUESTIONS
A postmenopausal patient who has had a hysterectomy and who has a family history of coronary
heart disease reports experiencing vaginal dryness and pain with intercourse but tells the nurse that
she does not want to take hormones because she is afraid of adverse effects. The nurse will suggest
that the woman ask her provider about:
1. Depo Provera.
2. Estraderm.
3. low-dose estrogens.
4. Premarin vaginal. - ANSWER-ANS: D
Estrogens for intravaginal administration are used for local effects, primarily to treat vulval and
vaginal atrophy. Because these preparations bypass the liver, the total dose is reduced and there is a
lower risk of systemic effects. Depo Provera is a progesterone and is not indicated. Transdermal
estrogen is used to treat hot flushes. Low-dose estrogens still have systemic effects.
A 50-year-old postmenopausal patient who has had a hysterectomy has moderate to severe
vasomotor symptoms and is discussing estrogen therapy (ET) with the nurse. The patient is
concerned about adverse effects of ET. The nurse will tell her that:
1. an estrogen-progesterone product will reduce side effects.
2. an intravaginal preparation may be best for her.
3. side effects of ET are uncommon among women her age.
4. transdermal preparations have fewer side effects. - ANSWER-ANS: D
Transdermal preparations of estrogen have fewer adverse effects, use lower doses of estrogen, and
have less fluctuation of estrogen levels than do oral preparations. Progesterone is contraindicated in
women who have undergone hysterectomy. Intravaginal preparations are most useful for treating
local estrogen deficiency such as vaginal and vulvar atrophy. Side effects of ET are the same at the
patient's age as for other women using
A patient who will begin combination estrogen/progestin therapy (EPT) for menopause asks the
nurse why she cannot take an estrogen-only preparation. The patient has not had a hysterectomy,
,has a slightly increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and has mild osteopenia. The nurse will tell her
that the progestin is necessary to:
1. decrease her risk of endometrial cancer.
2. increase bone resorption to prevent fractures.
3. lower her risk of myocardial infarction (MI).
4. prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT). - ANSWER-ANS: A
In patients who still have a uterus, progestin is necessary to reduce the risk of endometrial
carcinoma. Progestins do not have effects on bone density and do not decrease risk of MI or DVT.
An infant who receives a drug that does not produce CNS side effects in adults exhibits drowsiness
and sedation. The nurse understands that this is because of differences in which physiologic system
in infants and adults?
1. Blood-brain barrier
2. First-pass effect
3. Gastrointestinal absorption
4. Renal filtration - ANSWER-ANS: A
The blood-brain barrier is not fully developed at birth, making infants much more sensitive to CNS
drugs than older children and adults. CNS symptoms may include sedation and drowsiness. The first-
pass effect and GI absorption affect metabolism and absorption of drugs, and renal filtration affects
elimination of drugs, all of which may alter drug levels.
Which monoamines act as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system? Select all that apply.
a. Acetylcholine
b. Norepinephrine
c. Serotonin
d. Dopamine
e. Epinephrine
f. Histamine - ANSWER-ANS: B , C , D , E
Acetylcholine and histamines are not monoamines.
A patient asks a nurse to explain what drug tolerance means. The nurse responds by telling the
patient that when tolerance occurs, it means the patient:
1. has developed a psychologic dependence on the drug.
2. may need increased amounts of the drug over time.
,3. will cause an abstinence syndrome if the drug is discontinued abruptly.
4. will have increased sensitivity to drug side effects. - ANSWER-ANS: B
When tolerance develops, a dose increase may be needed, because a decreased response may occur
with prolonged use. Psychologic dependence involves cravings for drug effects and does not define
tolerance. Physical dependence occurs when the drug becomes necessary for the brain to function
"normally," meaning the patient should be weaned from the drug slowly to prevent an abstinence
syndrome. Patients may have a decreased sensitivity to drug side effects over time as the brain
adapts to the medication.
A group of nursing students asks a nurse to explain the blood-brain barrier. The nurse would be
correct to say that the blood-brain barrier:
1. prevents some potentially toxic substances from crossing into the central nervous system.
2. causes infants to be less sensitive to CNS drugs and thus require larger doses.
3. allows only ionized or protein-bound drugs to cross into the central nervous system.
4. prevents lipid-soluble drugs from entering the central nervous system. - ANSWER-ANS: A
The blood-brain barrier can prevent some drugs and some toxic substances from entering the CNS.
The blood-brain barrier in infants is not fully developed, so infants are more sensitive to CNS drugs
and often require lower doses. The blood-brain barrier prevents highly ionized and protein- bound
drugs from crossing into the CNS and allows lipid-soluble drugs and those that can cross via specific
transport systems to enter.
A nurse is teaching a group of students about how CNS drugs are developed.Which statement by a
student indicates a need for further teaching?
1. "Central nervous system drug development relies on observations of their effects on human
behavior."
2. "Studies of new central nervous system drugs in healthy subjects can produce paradoxical effects."
3. "Our knowledge of the neurochemical and physiologic changes that underlie mental illness is
incomplete."
4. "These drugs are developed based on scientific knowledge of CNS transmitters and receptors." -
ANSWER-ANS: D
The deficiencies in knowledge about how CNS transmitters and receptors work make systematic
development of CNS drugs difficult. Testing in healthy subjects often leads either to no effect or to
paradoxical effects. Medical knowledge of the neurochemical and physiologic changes underlying
mental illness is incomplete. The development of CNS drugs depends less on knowledge of how the
CNS functions and how these drugs affect that process and more on how administering one of these
agents leads to changes in behavior.
, A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students how the CNS adapts to psychotherapeutic
medications. Which statement by a nursing student indicates a need for further teaching?
1. "Adaptation can lead to tolerance of these drugs with prolonged use."
2. "Adaptation helps explain how physical dependence occurs."
3. "Adaptation often must occur before therapeutic effects develop."
4. "Adaptation results in an increased sensitivity to side effects over time." - ANSWER-ANS: D
With adaptation of the central nervous system to prolonged exposure to CNS drugs, many adverse
effects diminish, and therapeutic effects remain. Adaptation helps explain how tolerance and
physical dependence occur, as the brain adapts to the presence of the drug. Therapeutic effects can
take several weeks to manifest, because they appear to work by initiating adaptive changes in the
brain.
A psychiatric nurse is teaching a patient about an antidepressant medication. The nurse tells the
patient that therapeutic effects may not occur for several weeks. The nurse understands that this is
likely the result of:
1. changes in the brain as a result of prolonged drug exposure.
2. direct actions of the drug on specific synaptic functions in the brain.
3. slowed drug absorption across the blood-brain barrier.
4. tolerance to exposure to the drug over time. - ANSWER-ANS: A
It is thought that beneficial responses to central nervous system (CNS) drugs are delayed because
they result from adaptive changes as the CNS modifies itself in response to prolonged drug exposure,
and that the responses are not the result of the direct effects of the drugs on synaptic functions. The
blood-brain barrier prevents protein-bound and highly ionized drugs from crossing into the CNS, but
it does not slow the effects of drugs that can cross the barrier. Tolerance is a decreased response to a
drug after prolonged use.
Which are medical applications of central nervous system drugs? Select all that apply.
1. Analgesia
2. Anesthesia
3. Depression
4. Euphoria
5. Seizure control - ANSWER-ANS: A B , E
CNS drugs have medical uses for pain management, anesthesia, and seizure control. Depression and
euphoria are side effects that can contribute to abuse of these drugs.
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH DEEP
EXPLANATIONS(GUARANTEED PASS 100%)// ALL YOU NEED
TO PASS NUR 602 FINAL EXAM WITH MOST TEST
QUESTIONS
A postmenopausal patient who has had a hysterectomy and who has a family history of coronary
heart disease reports experiencing vaginal dryness and pain with intercourse but tells the nurse that
she does not want to take hormones because she is afraid of adverse effects. The nurse will suggest
that the woman ask her provider about:
1. Depo Provera.
2. Estraderm.
3. low-dose estrogens.
4. Premarin vaginal. - ANSWER-ANS: D
Estrogens for intravaginal administration are used for local effects, primarily to treat vulval and
vaginal atrophy. Because these preparations bypass the liver, the total dose is reduced and there is a
lower risk of systemic effects. Depo Provera is a progesterone and is not indicated. Transdermal
estrogen is used to treat hot flushes. Low-dose estrogens still have systemic effects.
A 50-year-old postmenopausal patient who has had a hysterectomy has moderate to severe
vasomotor symptoms and is discussing estrogen therapy (ET) with the nurse. The patient is
concerned about adverse effects of ET. The nurse will tell her that:
1. an estrogen-progesterone product will reduce side effects.
2. an intravaginal preparation may be best for her.
3. side effects of ET are uncommon among women her age.
4. transdermal preparations have fewer side effects. - ANSWER-ANS: D
Transdermal preparations of estrogen have fewer adverse effects, use lower doses of estrogen, and
have less fluctuation of estrogen levels than do oral preparations. Progesterone is contraindicated in
women who have undergone hysterectomy. Intravaginal preparations are most useful for treating
local estrogen deficiency such as vaginal and vulvar atrophy. Side effects of ET are the same at the
patient's age as for other women using
A patient who will begin combination estrogen/progestin therapy (EPT) for menopause asks the
nurse why she cannot take an estrogen-only preparation. The patient has not had a hysterectomy,
,has a slightly increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and has mild osteopenia. The nurse will tell her
that the progestin is necessary to:
1. decrease her risk of endometrial cancer.
2. increase bone resorption to prevent fractures.
3. lower her risk of myocardial infarction (MI).
4. prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT). - ANSWER-ANS: A
In patients who still have a uterus, progestin is necessary to reduce the risk of endometrial
carcinoma. Progestins do not have effects on bone density and do not decrease risk of MI or DVT.
An infant who receives a drug that does not produce CNS side effects in adults exhibits drowsiness
and sedation. The nurse understands that this is because of differences in which physiologic system
in infants and adults?
1. Blood-brain barrier
2. First-pass effect
3. Gastrointestinal absorption
4. Renal filtration - ANSWER-ANS: A
The blood-brain barrier is not fully developed at birth, making infants much more sensitive to CNS
drugs than older children and adults. CNS symptoms may include sedation and drowsiness. The first-
pass effect and GI absorption affect metabolism and absorption of drugs, and renal filtration affects
elimination of drugs, all of which may alter drug levels.
Which monoamines act as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system? Select all that apply.
a. Acetylcholine
b. Norepinephrine
c. Serotonin
d. Dopamine
e. Epinephrine
f. Histamine - ANSWER-ANS: B , C , D , E
Acetylcholine and histamines are not monoamines.
A patient asks a nurse to explain what drug tolerance means. The nurse responds by telling the
patient that when tolerance occurs, it means the patient:
1. has developed a psychologic dependence on the drug.
2. may need increased amounts of the drug over time.
,3. will cause an abstinence syndrome if the drug is discontinued abruptly.
4. will have increased sensitivity to drug side effects. - ANSWER-ANS: B
When tolerance develops, a dose increase may be needed, because a decreased response may occur
with prolonged use. Psychologic dependence involves cravings for drug effects and does not define
tolerance. Physical dependence occurs when the drug becomes necessary for the brain to function
"normally," meaning the patient should be weaned from the drug slowly to prevent an abstinence
syndrome. Patients may have a decreased sensitivity to drug side effects over time as the brain
adapts to the medication.
A group of nursing students asks a nurse to explain the blood-brain barrier. The nurse would be
correct to say that the blood-brain barrier:
1. prevents some potentially toxic substances from crossing into the central nervous system.
2. causes infants to be less sensitive to CNS drugs and thus require larger doses.
3. allows only ionized or protein-bound drugs to cross into the central nervous system.
4. prevents lipid-soluble drugs from entering the central nervous system. - ANSWER-ANS: A
The blood-brain barrier can prevent some drugs and some toxic substances from entering the CNS.
The blood-brain barrier in infants is not fully developed, so infants are more sensitive to CNS drugs
and often require lower doses. The blood-brain barrier prevents highly ionized and protein- bound
drugs from crossing into the CNS and allows lipid-soluble drugs and those that can cross via specific
transport systems to enter.
A nurse is teaching a group of students about how CNS drugs are developed.Which statement by a
student indicates a need for further teaching?
1. "Central nervous system drug development relies on observations of their effects on human
behavior."
2. "Studies of new central nervous system drugs in healthy subjects can produce paradoxical effects."
3. "Our knowledge of the neurochemical and physiologic changes that underlie mental illness is
incomplete."
4. "These drugs are developed based on scientific knowledge of CNS transmitters and receptors." -
ANSWER-ANS: D
The deficiencies in knowledge about how CNS transmitters and receptors work make systematic
development of CNS drugs difficult. Testing in healthy subjects often leads either to no effect or to
paradoxical effects. Medical knowledge of the neurochemical and physiologic changes underlying
mental illness is incomplete. The development of CNS drugs depends less on knowledge of how the
CNS functions and how these drugs affect that process and more on how administering one of these
agents leads to changes in behavior.
, A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students how the CNS adapts to psychotherapeutic
medications. Which statement by a nursing student indicates a need for further teaching?
1. "Adaptation can lead to tolerance of these drugs with prolonged use."
2. "Adaptation helps explain how physical dependence occurs."
3. "Adaptation often must occur before therapeutic effects develop."
4. "Adaptation results in an increased sensitivity to side effects over time." - ANSWER-ANS: D
With adaptation of the central nervous system to prolonged exposure to CNS drugs, many adverse
effects diminish, and therapeutic effects remain. Adaptation helps explain how tolerance and
physical dependence occur, as the brain adapts to the presence of the drug. Therapeutic effects can
take several weeks to manifest, because they appear to work by initiating adaptive changes in the
brain.
A psychiatric nurse is teaching a patient about an antidepressant medication. The nurse tells the
patient that therapeutic effects may not occur for several weeks. The nurse understands that this is
likely the result of:
1. changes in the brain as a result of prolonged drug exposure.
2. direct actions of the drug on specific synaptic functions in the brain.
3. slowed drug absorption across the blood-brain barrier.
4. tolerance to exposure to the drug over time. - ANSWER-ANS: A
It is thought that beneficial responses to central nervous system (CNS) drugs are delayed because
they result from adaptive changes as the CNS modifies itself in response to prolonged drug exposure,
and that the responses are not the result of the direct effects of the drugs on synaptic functions. The
blood-brain barrier prevents protein-bound and highly ionized drugs from crossing into the CNS, but
it does not slow the effects of drugs that can cross the barrier. Tolerance is a decreased response to a
drug after prolonged use.
Which are medical applications of central nervous system drugs? Select all that apply.
1. Analgesia
2. Anesthesia
3. Depression
4. Euphoria
5. Seizure control - ANSWER-ANS: A B , E
CNS drugs have medical uses for pain management, anesthesia, and seizure control. Depression and
euphoria are side effects that can contribute to abuse of these drugs.
