Chapter 1 Nature of Science
What is Science?
● A body of knowledge about the natural world
● Requires an evidence based process for acquiring knowledge
● Deals with the aspects of the natural world that can be deleted, observed, and measured
● Based on evidences that can be demonstrated through observation and experiments
● Experiments, observation, hypothesis, and evidences are based on the 5 senses of
human
Scientific Method
● The scientific method, or the process of science, are the practices that produce
scientific knowledge
1. Observe : visual noticings
2. Hypothesis : explain observations and questions Format: If…then…
3. Prediction : inferences based on given data
4. Experiments: create control and experimental groups to see the results
5. Analyze: make notes about the results and compare them to the other groups. Compare
how logical each result is to the problem or how good or bad.
6. Accept, Reject,Modify and restart the process
Hypothesis can be examined through experimental or observational studies
Observational studies have no intervention and there are analytical and descriptive
observational studies.
-Analytical: looking for patterns in the data and address how or why something
happened or exists
-Descriptive: reporting data found in nature
-Statistics: Maths used to measure the reliability of data. Helps determine how well
patterns support the hypothesis
Variables are characteristics of an object or an individual organism that can change
Independent variable = CAUSE
Dependent Variable = EFFECT
DRY MIX
Dependent Y Independent X
, Controlled Experiments
Control Groups
○ Maintained under a set of conditions.
○ The independent variable is not changed
Treatment Group
-The experimental groups
-Maintained under the same set of conditions as the control group
-Except the independent variable changes
Biological Hierarchy
Atoms
-building block of all matter
-the smallest unit of an element
Molecule
-two or more atoms bonded
Cell
-the basic unit of life
Tissues
- Many cells bonded together form tissues that are used for many different
functions in the body
Organs
-Many tissues combined together to form organs in the body that are assigned
many different functions in the body
Organ System
-Many organs in the body that are assigned many different functions and form a
system in the body
Organism
-All the organs in the body combined together to form the “finished” product
Population
-A groups of organisms or individuals that live in the same area
Community
- Many different populations of individuals from different areas combined together
to form a community
Ecosystem
- The environment and the communities combined together
Biome
-Large regions of the world that share same different characteristics
Biosphere
-Different regions of the planet combined to form a whole biosphere where every
organism has a place to live. (EARTH)
What is Science?
● A body of knowledge about the natural world
● Requires an evidence based process for acquiring knowledge
● Deals with the aspects of the natural world that can be deleted, observed, and measured
● Based on evidences that can be demonstrated through observation and experiments
● Experiments, observation, hypothesis, and evidences are based on the 5 senses of
human
Scientific Method
● The scientific method, or the process of science, are the practices that produce
scientific knowledge
1. Observe : visual noticings
2. Hypothesis : explain observations and questions Format: If…then…
3. Prediction : inferences based on given data
4. Experiments: create control and experimental groups to see the results
5. Analyze: make notes about the results and compare them to the other groups. Compare
how logical each result is to the problem or how good or bad.
6. Accept, Reject,Modify and restart the process
Hypothesis can be examined through experimental or observational studies
Observational studies have no intervention and there are analytical and descriptive
observational studies.
-Analytical: looking for patterns in the data and address how or why something
happened or exists
-Descriptive: reporting data found in nature
-Statistics: Maths used to measure the reliability of data. Helps determine how well
patterns support the hypothesis
Variables are characteristics of an object or an individual organism that can change
Independent variable = CAUSE
Dependent Variable = EFFECT
DRY MIX
Dependent Y Independent X
, Controlled Experiments
Control Groups
○ Maintained under a set of conditions.
○ The independent variable is not changed
Treatment Group
-The experimental groups
-Maintained under the same set of conditions as the control group
-Except the independent variable changes
Biological Hierarchy
Atoms
-building block of all matter
-the smallest unit of an element
Molecule
-two or more atoms bonded
Cell
-the basic unit of life
Tissues
- Many cells bonded together form tissues that are used for many different
functions in the body
Organs
-Many tissues combined together to form organs in the body that are assigned
many different functions in the body
Organ System
-Many organs in the body that are assigned many different functions and form a
system in the body
Organism
-All the organs in the body combined together to form the “finished” product
Population
-A groups of organisms or individuals that live in the same area
Community
- Many different populations of individuals from different areas combined together
to form a community
Ecosystem
- The environment and the communities combined together
Biome
-Large regions of the world that share same different characteristics
Biosphere
-Different regions of the planet combined to form a whole biosphere where every
organism has a place to live. (EARTH)
