GRE Psychology: Measurement and Methodology Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

GRE Psychology: Measurement and Methodology Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Who founded the first psychology research lab? - William Wundt (1879); move from psychology as a philosophy to a science; however, Wundt thought systematic study of some psych principles (i.e. higher order mental processes) was limited; also did not think there could be imageless thought Who showed that higher mental processes could be studied using experimental psych? - Hermann Ebbinghaus (see cog-- memory using nonsense syllables) Oswald Kulpe - Performed experiments showing that there could be imageless thought James McKeen Cattell - introduced mental testing in the US Binet and Simon - published the first intelligence test (Binet-Simon test) used with French schoolchildren; Binet also introduced "mental age" (vs. chronological age) to show intellectual functioning 2Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 hypothesis - a tentative and testable explanation of the relationship between two or more variables variable - a factor that varies in amount or kind and can be measured operational definition - how the researcher will measure the variables independent variable - variable whose effect is being studied dependent variable - variable expected to change due to variations in the independent variable independent vs. dependent - X depends on Y x=dependent y=independent number of IVs vs. levels of IV - number=performance on test depends on 1. breakfast 2. ADD/No ADD levels=performance on test depends on 1. breakfast --a. high protein breakfast vs. b. low protein breakfast correlational study - IV not manipulated quasi-experiment - IV is manipulated; subjects are not randomly assigned to groups 3Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 true experiment - IV is manipulated; subjects are randomly assigned to groups naturalistic observation/field study - researcher does not intervene; measures behavior as it occurs naturally comparing types of design: example - hypothesis: performance depends on breakfast correlational: go into a school and poll students on what they had for breakfast true: go into a school; randomly assign to breakfast vs. no breakfast; administer test population - the group the researcher wants to generalize results to representative sample - sample is a mini version of the population random sample - every population member has an equal change to be selected for the sample stratified random sample - relevant subgroups of the population are randomly sampled in proportion to size between-subjects design - each subject exposed to onl