NUR 221 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS
c-section - ✔✔birth of a fetus through an incision in the mother's abdomen and
uterus
can have negative affect on woman self-concept (due to wanting vaginal birth)
c-section purpose - ✔✔to persevere the well being of the mother and fetus
Incisions are made in lower uterine segment
risk factors of c-section - ✔✔-fetal macrosomia
-advanced maternal age
-increased maternal BMI
-gestational diabetes
-multifetal pregnancy
-dystocia in nulliparous women
indications for c-section - ✔✔-specific cardiac diseases
-active HPV
-nonreassuring fetal status
-failure to progress
-malpresentation (breech/transverse lie)
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©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,-cord prolapse
-placenta abruption/previa
-history of c-section
-vertical uterine incision
Elective c-section - ✔✔without medical reason
reasons
-fear of pain
-surgery will prevent future problems (myth)
offer prenatal education/medications
NOT PERFORMED BEFORE 39 weeks
Scheduled c-section reasons - ✔✔-labor/vaginal birth are contraindicated
(placenta previa)
-birth is necessary but labor is not inducible (HTN complications)
-chosen by OB/ woman
unplanned c-section - ✔✔negative psychosocial outcomes on woman
-can experience feelings of anger or guilt
surgical techniques of c-section - ✔✔vertical or transverse
determined by urgency of surgery, prior incision type. maternal obesity ,
placenta disorders, need to explore
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©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,TYPE OF SKIN INCISION DOES NOT INDICATE TYPE OF UTERINE INCISION
low transverse - ✔✔Can have vaginal births after
Vertical incision indications - ✔✔underdeveloped lower uterine segment
-transverse lie presentation
-placenta previa/accreta
-obstruction of lower uterine segment by leiomyomas
NO VAGINAL BIRTHS AFTER MUST ALWAYS HAVE C-SECTIONS
maternal complications of c-sections - ✔✔-anesthesia events (intubation/drug
reactions/aspirations/pneumonia)
-hemorrhage
-bowel/bladder injury
-amniotic fluid embolism/ air embolism
postpartum complications of c-section - ✔✔-atelectasis (aveoli collapse)
-endomyometritis
-UTI
-abdominal wound hematoma
-dehiscence
-infection
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©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, -nectrotizing faciitis
-thrombembolic disease
-bowel dysfunction
fetal complications c-section - ✔✔fetus may be born prematurely if gestational
age is inaccurate
-fetal asphyxia if poor perfusion due to maternal hypotension caused by
anesthesia or maternal positioning
-fetal injuries (scalpel lacerations)
-more likely to require respiratory resuscitation
Anesthesia c-sections - ✔✔spinal,epidural, general anesthesia may be used
depends on
-medical history
-spinal injuries/hemorrhage/coagulopathy
-time general will be used in emergency if epidural is already in effect
intraoperative care c-section - ✔✔taken place in OR
-partner can accompany mother in operating room for support
IF general anesthesia partner will not be allowed in operating room
-care team is present
post op care c-section - ✔✔BP/pulse assessed every 15 minutes for 2 hours
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©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
100% CORRECT ANSWERS
c-section - ✔✔birth of a fetus through an incision in the mother's abdomen and
uterus
can have negative affect on woman self-concept (due to wanting vaginal birth)
c-section purpose - ✔✔to persevere the well being of the mother and fetus
Incisions are made in lower uterine segment
risk factors of c-section - ✔✔-fetal macrosomia
-advanced maternal age
-increased maternal BMI
-gestational diabetes
-multifetal pregnancy
-dystocia in nulliparous women
indications for c-section - ✔✔-specific cardiac diseases
-active HPV
-nonreassuring fetal status
-failure to progress
-malpresentation (breech/transverse lie)
1|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,-cord prolapse
-placenta abruption/previa
-history of c-section
-vertical uterine incision
Elective c-section - ✔✔without medical reason
reasons
-fear of pain
-surgery will prevent future problems (myth)
offer prenatal education/medications
NOT PERFORMED BEFORE 39 weeks
Scheduled c-section reasons - ✔✔-labor/vaginal birth are contraindicated
(placenta previa)
-birth is necessary but labor is not inducible (HTN complications)
-chosen by OB/ woman
unplanned c-section - ✔✔negative psychosocial outcomes on woman
-can experience feelings of anger or guilt
surgical techniques of c-section - ✔✔vertical or transverse
determined by urgency of surgery, prior incision type. maternal obesity ,
placenta disorders, need to explore
2|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,TYPE OF SKIN INCISION DOES NOT INDICATE TYPE OF UTERINE INCISION
low transverse - ✔✔Can have vaginal births after
Vertical incision indications - ✔✔underdeveloped lower uterine segment
-transverse lie presentation
-placenta previa/accreta
-obstruction of lower uterine segment by leiomyomas
NO VAGINAL BIRTHS AFTER MUST ALWAYS HAVE C-SECTIONS
maternal complications of c-sections - ✔✔-anesthesia events (intubation/drug
reactions/aspirations/pneumonia)
-hemorrhage
-bowel/bladder injury
-amniotic fluid embolism/ air embolism
postpartum complications of c-section - ✔✔-atelectasis (aveoli collapse)
-endomyometritis
-UTI
-abdominal wound hematoma
-dehiscence
-infection
3|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, -nectrotizing faciitis
-thrombembolic disease
-bowel dysfunction
fetal complications c-section - ✔✔fetus may be born prematurely if gestational
age is inaccurate
-fetal asphyxia if poor perfusion due to maternal hypotension caused by
anesthesia or maternal positioning
-fetal injuries (scalpel lacerations)
-more likely to require respiratory resuscitation
Anesthesia c-sections - ✔✔spinal,epidural, general anesthesia may be used
depends on
-medical history
-spinal injuries/hemorrhage/coagulopathy
-time general will be used in emergency if epidural is already in effect
intraoperative care c-section - ✔✔taken place in OR
-partner can accompany mother in operating room for support
IF general anesthesia partner will not be allowed in operating room
-care team is present
post op care c-section - ✔✔BP/pulse assessed every 15 minutes for 2 hours
4|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
