Nightingale SCI 225 Exam Questions
and Answers | Graded A+
Pathogenisis - ✔✔The matter of development of a disease
sequel - ✔✔pathological condition resulting from a prior disease, injury, or
attack
etiology - ✔✔the science and study of the causes or origins of disease
idiopathic - ✔✔any disease that is of uncertain or unknown origin may be
termed
congenital - ✔✔a condition that is presented at birth, whether or not it is
inherited
Metabolic Degenerative - ✔✔can happen when abnormal chemical reaction in
the body alter the normal metabolic process. it can also be defined as inherited
single gene anomaly, most of which are autosomal recessive.
traumatic - ✔✔injury is a term which refers to physical injuries of sudden onset
and severity which require immediate medical attention.
Cell- mediated immunity - ✔✔an immune response that does not involve
antibodies, but rather involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific
1|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,cytotoxic t-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an
antigen.
humoral immunity - ✔✔the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macro
molecules found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies, complement
proteins, and certain antimicrobial peptides
hypersensitivity 1 - ✔✔local allergy, occurring rapidly, where the allergen
encounters the body. IgE
hypersensitivity 2 - ✔✔called cytotoxic because IgM or IgG causes the
destruction of cells. (incompatible blood transfusion)
hypersensitivity 3 - ✔✔immune complex hypersensitivity. (tissue deposition)
hypersensitivity 4 - ✔✔called delayed type. as the reaction takes several days to
develop. not antibody-mediated, its cell mediated response (dermatitis,
tuberculin skin test reactions.)
Anti-fungal drugs - ✔✔designed to break down the fungus membrane to kill the
fungus
rubella virus - ✔✔contagious disease. a mild illness with low grade fever, sore
throat, and rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body.
2|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, rubella can cause a miscarriage or serious birth defects in a developing baby if a
woman is infected while she is pregnant. best protection=MMR vaccine
Osteosarcoma - ✔✔most common type of cancer that develops in bone.
tumor markers - ✔✔detect first time cancer and cancer relapses. check for
antigens/antibodies. shows normal healthy cells too
CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) - ✔✔detected in someone with colon cancer
PSA (prostate specific antigen) - ✔✔prostate cancer
diploid - ✔✔23 chromosomes from mother and 23 from father=46
haploid - ✔✔cell that only has one copy of each chromosome
homozygous - ✔✔2 of the same alleles (TT or tt)
heterozygous - ✔✔2 differnt alleles (Tt)
cerebral palsy - ✔✔congenital 85-90% of the time
angioplasty - ✔✔thin tube in arm or groin going up to affected artery, restoring
blood flow by inflating a balloon to push the plaque outward against the wall of
the artery. widens and restores blood flow
bypass - ✔✔reroutes blood flow around the clogged artery
ablation - ✔✔to scar or destroy tissue in your heart that allows incorrect
electrical signals to cause an abnormal heart rythme.
3|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
and Answers | Graded A+
Pathogenisis - ✔✔The matter of development of a disease
sequel - ✔✔pathological condition resulting from a prior disease, injury, or
attack
etiology - ✔✔the science and study of the causes or origins of disease
idiopathic - ✔✔any disease that is of uncertain or unknown origin may be
termed
congenital - ✔✔a condition that is presented at birth, whether or not it is
inherited
Metabolic Degenerative - ✔✔can happen when abnormal chemical reaction in
the body alter the normal metabolic process. it can also be defined as inherited
single gene anomaly, most of which are autosomal recessive.
traumatic - ✔✔injury is a term which refers to physical injuries of sudden onset
and severity which require immediate medical attention.
Cell- mediated immunity - ✔✔an immune response that does not involve
antibodies, but rather involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific
1|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
,cytotoxic t-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an
antigen.
humoral immunity - ✔✔the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macro
molecules found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies, complement
proteins, and certain antimicrobial peptides
hypersensitivity 1 - ✔✔local allergy, occurring rapidly, where the allergen
encounters the body. IgE
hypersensitivity 2 - ✔✔called cytotoxic because IgM or IgG causes the
destruction of cells. (incompatible blood transfusion)
hypersensitivity 3 - ✔✔immune complex hypersensitivity. (tissue deposition)
hypersensitivity 4 - ✔✔called delayed type. as the reaction takes several days to
develop. not antibody-mediated, its cell mediated response (dermatitis,
tuberculin skin test reactions.)
Anti-fungal drugs - ✔✔designed to break down the fungus membrane to kill the
fungus
rubella virus - ✔✔contagious disease. a mild illness with low grade fever, sore
throat, and rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body.
2|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, rubella can cause a miscarriage or serious birth defects in a developing baby if a
woman is infected while she is pregnant. best protection=MMR vaccine
Osteosarcoma - ✔✔most common type of cancer that develops in bone.
tumor markers - ✔✔detect first time cancer and cancer relapses. check for
antigens/antibodies. shows normal healthy cells too
CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) - ✔✔detected in someone with colon cancer
PSA (prostate specific antigen) - ✔✔prostate cancer
diploid - ✔✔23 chromosomes from mother and 23 from father=46
haploid - ✔✔cell that only has one copy of each chromosome
homozygous - ✔✔2 of the same alleles (TT or tt)
heterozygous - ✔✔2 differnt alleles (Tt)
cerebral palsy - ✔✔congenital 85-90% of the time
angioplasty - ✔✔thin tube in arm or groin going up to affected artery, restoring
blood flow by inflating a balloon to push the plaque outward against the wall of
the artery. widens and restores blood flow
bypass - ✔✔reroutes blood flow around the clogged artery
ablation - ✔✔to scar or destroy tissue in your heart that allows incorrect
electrical signals to cause an abnormal heart rythme.
3|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
